Cerone Family Update

A lot of our friends and family have been asking us what’s next after I finish my thesis.  It’s a question that Mary Beth and I honestly could not answer even a month ago.  But after a whirlwind month, we can say:

The Cerones are officially moving across the country to Bellingham, Washington!

Some of you might have noticed that I haven’t blogged in about a month. The only thing that I’ve posted has been a weekly series on Chrysostom that I prepared in January (it’s set to run out on Week 13, btw, as I haven’t and won’t have the time to complete it). I want to apologize for my absence and let you know what is going on in our lives.

LogosIn January, Dr. Black passed along an opportunity to write some articles for the Lexham Bible dictionary. I decided to write six: Naomi, Jesse son of Obed, Covenant Code, Postexilic Period, The Lives of the Prophets, and Oath. Shortly after I concluded writing those articles, Dr. Runge posted an opportunity to work with him at Logos over the summer developing Discourse Handbooks on the Greek New Testament. I applied.

This week, I was offered a job in Bellingham, Washington. Mary Beth’s work has approved of her moving up to Bellingham with me and working remotely.  I’m incredibly excited to start work on 1 Thessalonians with Dr. Runge  in May.

Things to do:

  1. Write as much as possible of my thesis before we move
  2. Pack up the house
  3. Find a place to stay in Bellingham
  4. Find a renter for our place while we are gone
  5. Move

Be praying for us as we try and get everything in order, and please continue to forgive my absence from the blogosphere.

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Translation Tuesday: Chrysostom Week 10

Remember, although I attempted to provide a footnote for all words used 20x or less in the New Testament with a gloss, I may have missed some. Also, you may not know all words used more than 20x in the New Testament. Don’t let that stop you from participating. Just visit Perseus’ word study tool here, copy and paste the word you don’t know, and get morphological information and definitions for that word.

Vocabulary

Week 10: Homily 3, Section 2

β´.    Εἰκὸς ἦν ἀκούσαντας ὅτι δέδεται, ἀλγεῖν,[1] καὶ νομίζειν[2] ἐγκόπτεσθαι[3] τὸ κήρυγμα.[4] Τί οὖν ποιεῖ; Εὐθέως ταύτην ἀναιρεῖ τὴν ὑποψίαν,[5] καί φησι· Τὰ κατ᾽ ἐμὲ μᾶλλον εἰς προκοπὴν[6] τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου ἐλήλυθε. Καὶ τοῦτο δὲ φιλοῦντος, τὸ τὰ καθ᾽ ἑαυτὸν δηλοῦν[7] αὐτοῖς, ἅτε μεριμνῶσι.[8] Τί λέγεις; δέδεσαι, ἐνεποδίσθης,[9] καὶ πῶς τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον ἐπιδίδωσιν;[10] ὥστε τοὺς δεσμούς[11] μου, φησὶ, φανεροὺς[12] γενέσθαι τοὺς ἐν Χριστῷ ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ. Τοῦτο οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐπεστόμισε[13] τοὺς ἄλλους οὐδὲ δειλοὺς[14] ἐποίησεν, ἀλλ᾽ αὐτὸ τοῦτο καὶ μᾶλλον παρεθάρρυνεν.[15] Εἰ τοίνυν οἱ πλησίον[16] ὄντες τῶν κινδύνων[17] μόνον οὐδὲν ἐβλάβησαν,[18] ἀλλὰ καὶ πλέον[19] θάρσος[20] ἔλαβον, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ὑμᾶς θαρρεῖν[21] χρή.[22] Εἰ μὲν γὰρ δεθεὶς ἀθλίως[23] ἤνεγκε, καὶ ἐσίγησεν,[24] εἰκὸς ἦν καὶ ἐκείνους τὸ αὐτὸ παθεῖν· εἰ δὲ δεθεὶς πλέον ἐπαρρησιάζετο,[25] μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς θάρσος ἔδωκεν, ἢ εἰ μὴ ἐδέθη. Πῶς δὲ εἰς προκοπὴν τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου γέγονε τὰ δεσμά; Ὁ θεὸς τοῦτο ᾠκονόμησε, φησὶν, ὥστε μὴ λαθεῖν[26] τοὺς ἐμοὺς δεσμοὺς, τοὺς ἐν Χριστῷ, τοὺς διὰ Χριστὸν, Ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ.[27] Τέως[28] γὰρ οὕτως ἐκάλουν τὰ βασίλεια. Οὐδὲ ἐν τῷ πραιτωρῳ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῇ πόλει, φησὶ, πάσῃ. Καὶ τοὺς πλείονας τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐν Κυρίῳ πεποιθότας τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου περισσοτέρως[29] τολμᾶν[30] ἀφόβως τὸν λόγον λαλεῖν. Δείκνυσι τοῦτο, ὅτι καὶ πρότερον[31] ἐθάρρουν, καὶ μετὰ παρρησίας διελέγοντο,[32] νῦν δὲ πολλῷ πλέον. Εἰ ἄλλοι τοίνυν, φησὶ, διὰ τοὺς ἐμοὺς δεσμοὺς θαρροῦσι, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐγώ· εἰ ἄλλοις εἰμὶ αἴτιος[33] θάρσους, πολλῷ μᾶλλον ἐμαυτῷ. Καὶ τοὺς πλείονας τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐν Κυρίῳ. Ἐπειδὴ μέγα ἦν τὸ εἰπεῖν, ὅτι Οἱ ἐμοὶ δεσμοὶ θάρσος αὐτοῖς παρεῖχον,[34] διὰ τοῦτο προλαβὼν[35] εἶπεν· Ἐν Κυρίῳ. Ὁρῷς πῶς καὶ ἀνάγκην ἔχων τοῦ μεγαληγορεῖν,[36] τοῦ μετριάζειν[37] οὐκ ἀφίσταται;[38] Περισσοτέρως τολμᾷν, φησὶν, ἀφόβως τὸν λόγον λαλεῖν. Τὸ, περισσοτέρως, δεικνύντος ἐστὶν, ὅτι ἤδη ἤρξαντο. Τινὲς μὲν καὶ διὰ φθόνον[39] καὶ ἔριν,[40] τινὲς δὲ καὶ δι᾽ εὐδοκίαν[41] τὸν Χριστὸν κηρύσσουσι. Τί δὴ τοῦτό ἐστιν, ἄξιον μαθεῖν. Ἐπειδὴ κατεσχέθη[42] ὁ Παῦλος, τὸν πόλεμον ἐγεῖραι βουλόμενοι σφοδρὸν τὸν παρὰ τοῦ βασιλέως πολλοὶ τῶν ἀπίστων, καὶ αὐτοὶ τὸν Χριστὸν ἐκήρυττον· ὥστε μείζονα γενέσθαι τῷ βασιλεῖ τὴν ὀργὴν, ἅτε τοῦ κηρύγματος διασπειρομένου,[43] καὶ εἰς τὴν τοῦ Παύλου κεφαλὴν τὸ πᾶν ἐλθεῖν τοῦ θυμοῦ. Δύο ποίνυν προφάσεων[44] γεγόνασιν οἱ δεσμοὶ αἴτιοι. Τοῖς μὲν γὰρ θάρσος παρεῖχον πολὺ, τοὺς δὲ εἰς ἐλπίδα ἄγοντες τῆς ἐμῆς ἀπωλείας,[45] παρεσκεύασαν[46] κηρύττειν τὸν Χριστόν. Τίνες μὲν διὰ φθόνον· τουτέστι, φθονοῦντες τῇ δόξῃ τῇ ἐμῇ καὶ τῇ ἐνστάσει, καὶ βουλόμενοί με ἀπολέσθαι καὶ ἐρίζοντές μοι, συμπράττουσιν[47] ἐμοί· ἢ ὥστε καὶ αὐτοὶ τιμᾶσθαι, καὶ οἰόμενοι παρασπᾷν[48] τι τῆς δόξης τῆς ἐμῆς. Τινὲς δὲ καὶ δι᾽ εὐδοκίαν τουτέστι, χωρὶς ὑποκρίσεως,[49] ἀπὸ προθυμίας[50] ἀπάσης. Οἰ μὲν ἐξ ἐριθείας[51] τὸν Χριστὸν καταγγέλλουσιν οὐκ ἀγνῶς·[52] τουτέστιν, οὐκ εἰλικρινῶς,[53] οὐδὲ δι᾽ αὐτὸ τὸ πρᾶγμα, ἀλλὰ διὰ τί; Οἰόμενοι[54] θλῖψιν ἐπιφέρειν[55] τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου. Νομίζοντες γὰρ οὕτω με εἰς μείζονα ἐμπεσεῖσθαι[56] κίνδυνον,[57] θλίψιν ἐπαγουσιν[58] ἐπὶ θλίψει. Ὤ τῆς ὠμότητος[59]! ὢ τῆς διαβολικῆς[60] ἐνεργείας![61] δεδεμένον ἑώρων καὶ ἐμβεβλημένον[62] εἰς δεσμωτήριον,[63] καὶ ἔτι ἐφθόνουν· αὔξειν[64] αὐτῷ τὰ τῶν συμφορῶν[65] ἤθελον, καὶ μείζονος ὀργῆς ὑπεύθυνον[66] καθιστᾷν. Καὶ καλῶς εἶπε τὸ, Οἰόμενοι· οὐ γὰρ οὕτως ἐξέβαινεν.[67] Ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ ἐνόμιζόν με τούτῳ λυπεῖν, ἐγὼ δὲ ἔχαιρον ὅτι τὸ κήρυγμα ἐπεδίδου. Οὕτως ἔνι, ἔργον ποιῆσαι ἀγαθὸν οὐκ ἀπὸ προαιρέσεως[68] ἀγαθῆς· καὶ οὐ μόνον οὐ κεῖται μισθὸς ὑπὲρ τούτου, ἀλλὰ καὶ κόλασις.[69] Ἐπειδὴ γὰρ μείζοσι κινδύνοις περιβαλεῖν τὸν τοῦ Χριστοῦ κήρυκα βουλόμενοι, τὸν Χριστὸν ἐκήρυττον, οὐ μόνον οὐ λήψονται μισθὸν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τιμωρίας[70] ἔσονται ὑπεύθυνοι καὶ κολάσεως. Οἱ δὲ ἐξ ἀγάπης, εἰδότες ὅτι εἰς ἀπολογίαν[71] τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου κεῖμαι. Τί ἐστιν, Ὅτι εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου κεῖμαι; Τουτέστι, τὰς εὐθύνας μοι ὑποτέμνοντες[72] τὰς πρὸς τὸν θεὸν, καὶ συναντιλαμβανόμενοί[73] τι εἰς ἀπολογίαν. Ὃ λέγει, τοῦτό ἐστι· Προσετάγην[74] κηρῦξαι· μέλλω διδόναι εὐθύνας, καὶ ἀπολογεῖσθαι[75] ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἔργου, οὗ προσετάγην· ὥστε οὖν μοι τὴν ἀπολογίαν γενέσθαι εὔκολον, συναντιλαμβάνονταί μοι. Ἐὰν γὰρ εὑρεθῶσι πολλοὶ κατηχηθέντες[76] πιστεύσαντες, εὔκολός μοι ἡ ἀπολογία ἔσται. Τί γάρ; πλὴν παντὶ τρόπῳ,[77] εἴτε προφάσει,[78] εἴτε ἀληθείᾳ Χριστὸς καταγγέλλεται. Ὅρα τὸ φιλόσοφον[79] τοῦ ἀνδρός· οὐ σφόδρα αὐτῶν κατηγόρησεν, ἀλλ᾽ εἶπε τὸ γινόμενον. Τί γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐμοὶ διαφέρει,[80] ἂν τε οὕτως, ἂν τε ἐκείνως; πλὴν παντὶ τρόπῳ εἴτε προφάσει, εἴτε ἀληθείᾳ Χριστὸς καταγγέλλεται. Οὐκ εἶπε, Καταγγελλέσθω, νομοθετῶν, ἀλλὰ πρῶτον μὲν τὸ συμβαῖνον ἀπήγγειλε, δεύτερον δὲ, εἰ καὶ νομοθετῶν ἔλεγεν, οὐδὲ οὕτω τὰς αἰρέσεις εἰσῆγεν.[81]


[1] ἀλγεῖν from ἀλγέω “to suffer, feel grief”

[2] νομίζειν from νομίζω “to think, suppose”

[3] ἐγκόπτεσθαι from ἐγκόπτω “to cut off, hinder”

[4] κήρυγμα from κήρυγμα “preaching, proclamation”

[5] ὑποψίαν from ὑποψία “suspicion”

[6] προκοπὴν from προκοπή “progress”

[7] δηλοῦν from δηλόω “to make clear, declare”

[8] μεριμνῶσι from μεριμνάω “to be anxious for”

[9] ἐνεποδίσθης from ἐμποδίζω “to put feet in bonds”

[10] ἐπιδίδωσιν from ἐπιδίδωμι “to give, advance”

[11] δεσμούς from δεσμός “chains, bonds, imprisonment”

[12] φανεροὺς from φανερός “known, plain”

[13] ἐπεστόμισε from ἐπιστομίζω “to silence”

[14] δειλοὺς from δειλός “cowardly, afraid”

[15] παρεθάρρυνεν from παραθαρσύνω “to encourage”

[16] πλησίον from πλησίον “near, neighbor”

[17] κινδύνων from κινδύνεύω “to be in danger”

[18] ἐβλάβησαν from βλάπτω “to harm”

[19] πλέον from πλέος “full”

[20] θάρσος from θάρσος “courage”

[21] θαρρεῖν from θαρσέω “to be confident, courageous”

[22] χρή from χραόμαι “to make use, warn, declare”

[23] ἀθλίως from ἄθλιος “winning the prize”

[24] ἐσίγησεν from σιγάω “to be silent”

[25] ἐπαρρησιάζετο from παρρησιάζομαι “to speak with boldness”

[26] λαθεῖν from λανθάνω “to forget, hide”

[27] πραιτωρίῳ from πραιτωρίον “praetorian”

[28] Τέως from τεός “up until this time”

[29] περισσοτέρως from περισσοτέρως “even more so”

[30] τολμᾶν from τολμάω “to dare, act rashly”

[31] πρότερον from πρότερος “former, formerly”

[32] διελέγοντο from διαλέγω “to dispute, discuss”

[33] αἴτιος from αἴτιος “cause, source, reason”

[34] παρεῖχον from παρέχω “to provide, cause, grant, present”

[35] προλαβὼν from προλαμβάνω “to do ahead of time, be surprised”

[36] μεγαληγορεῖν from μεγαληγορέω “to talk big, boast”

[37] μετριάζειν from μετριάζω “to be moderate, keep measure”

[38] ἀφίσταται from ἀφίστημι “to withdraw, remove, depart, leave”

[39] φθόνον from φθόνος “envy”

[40] ἔριν from ἔρις “strife”

[41] εὐδοκίαν from εὐδοκία “good pleasre, good will, approval, satisfaction”

[42] κατεσχέθη from κατέχω “to hold, withhold”

[43] διασπειρομένου from διασπείρω “to scatter abroad”

[44] προφάσεων from πρόφασις “motive”

[45] ἀπωλείας from ἀπώλεια “destruction, ruin”

[46] παρεσκεύασαν from παρεσκευάζω “to prepare”

[47] συμπράττουσιν from συμπράσσω “to help, assist”

[48] παρασπᾷν from παρασπάω “draw forcibly aside, wrest aside”

[49] ὑποκρίσεως from ὑποκρίσις “hypocrisy”

[50] προθυμίας from προθυμία “willingness, eagerness, goodwill”

[51] ἐριθείας from ἐριθεία “strife”

[52] ἀγνῶς from ἀγνῶς “sincerely, purely”

[53] εἰλικρινῶς from εἰλικρινής “sincere”

[54] Οἰόμενοι from οἴομαι “to suppose, thinking”

[55] ἐπιφέρειν from ἐπιφέρω “to bring, give, carry”

[56] ἐμπεσεῖσθαι from ἐμπίπτω “to fall in, fall upon, attack”

[57] κίνδυνον from κίνδυνος “danger, peril”

[58] ἐπαγουσιν from ἐπάγω “to bring upon”

[59] ὠμότητος from ὠμότης “crudeness, cruelness”

[60] διαβολικῆς from διαβολικός “slanderous”

[61] ἐνεργείας from ἐνεργεία “working, action, energy”

[62] ἐμβεβλημένον from ἐμβάλλω “to throw in, lay in, set”

[63] δεσμωτήριον from δεσμωτήριον “prison”

[64] αὔξειν from αὔξω “to increase, grow”

[65] συμφορῶν from σύνφορος “accompanying, bringing together”

[66] ὑπεύθυνον from ὑπεύθυνος “liable to give account for”

[67] ἐξέβαινεν from ἐκβαίνω “to go out”

[68] προαιρέσεως from προαιρέω “to take out, choose, prefer, decide”

[69] κόλασις from κόλασις “punishment”

[70] τιμωρίας from τιμωρία “punishment”

[71] ἀπολογίαν from ἀπολογία “defense”

[72] ὑποτέμνοντες from ὑποτέμνω “to cut away, cut off”

[73] συναντιλαμβανόμενοί from συναντιλαμβάνομαι “to assist, help”

[74] Προσετάγην from προστάσσω “to command”

[75] ἀπολογεῖσθαι from ἀπολογέομαι “to defend oneself”

[76] κατηχηθέντες from κατέχω “to hold, withhold”

[77] τρόπῳ from τρόπος “way, manner”

[78] προφάσει from πρόφασις “motive, false motive, excuse, pretext”

[79] φιλόσοφον from φιλόσοφος “philosophy, philosopher”

[80] διαφέρει from διαφέρω “to be better, differ, spread, carry over”

[81] εἰσῆγεν from εἰσάγω “to bring in, introduce”

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Translation Tuesday: Chrysostom Week 9

Remember, although I attempted to provide a footnote for all words used 20x or less in the New Testament with a gloss, I may have missed some. Also, you may not know all words used more than 20x in the New Testament. Don’t let that stop you from participating. Just visit Perseus’ word study tool here, copy and paste the word you don’t know, and get morphological information and definitions for that word.

Vocabulary

Week 9: Homily 3, Section 1

Μάρτυς γάρ μοί ἐστιν ὁ θεὸς, ὡς ἐπιποθῶ[1] πάντας ὑμᾶς ἐν σπλάγχνοις[2] Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Καὶ τοῦτο προσεύχομαι, ἵνα ἡ ἀγάπη ὑμῶν ἔτι μᾶλλον καὶ μᾶλλον περισσεύῃ ἐν ἐπιγνώσει καὶ πάσῃ αἰσθήσει.[3] Εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς τὰ διαφέροντα,[4] ἵνα ἦτε εἰλικρινεῖς[5] καὶ ἀπρόσκοποι[6] εἰς ἡμέραν χριστοῦ, πεπληρωμένοι καρῶν δικαιοσύνης τῶν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς δόξαν καὶ ἔπαινον[7] θεοῦ.

α´.   Οὐχ ὡς ἀπιστούμενος[8] μάρτυρα καλεῖ τὸν θεὸν, ἀλλ᾽ ἐκ πολλῆς διαθέσεως[9] τοῦτο ποιεῖ, καὶ τῷ σφόδρα πεπεῖσθαι καὶ θαρρεῖν.[10] Ἐπειδὴ[11] γὰρ εἶπεν, ὅτι ἐκοινώνησαν[12] αὐτῷ, ἵνα μὴ νομίσωσιν,[13] ὅτι διὰ τοῦτο αὐτοὺς ποθεῖ,[14] καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς[15] ἐκείνων ἔνεκεν, διὰ τοῦτο ἐπήγαγεν,[16] ὅτι Ἐν σπλάγχνοις Χριστοῦ. Τί ἐστι, τοῦτο; Ἀντὶ τοῦ, Κατὰ Χριστόν· ἐπειδὴ πιστοί ἐστε, ἐπειδὴ φιλεῖτε τὸν Χριστὸν, διὰ τὴν κατὰ Χριστὸν ἀγάπην. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν ἀγάπην, ἀλλ᾽ ὃ θερμότερον[17] ἦν, σπλάγχνα Χριστοῦ· ὡσανεὶ[18] τοῦτο λέγων, τοῦ ὡς πατὴρ ὑμῶν γεγονότος διὰ τὴν συγγένειαν[19] τὴν κατὰ Χριστόν. Σπλάγχνα γὰρ ἡμῖν αὕτη χαρίζεται, σπλάγχνα θερμὰ καὶ διάπυρα·[20] τοῖς γὰρ γνησίοις[21] αὐτοῦ δούλοις σπλάγχνα χαρίζεται. Ἐν ἐκείνοις, φησὶ, τοῖς σπλάγχνοις· ὡς ἂν εἴ τις εἴποι· φιλῶ ὑμᾶς σπλάγχνοις οὐ φυσικοῖς,[22] ἀλλὰ τοῖς θερμοτέροις, τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ. Ὡς ἐπιποθῶ, φησὶ, πάντας ὑμᾶς. Ἐπιποθῶ πάντας, ἐπειδὴ καὶ πάντες τοιοῦτοί ἐστε. Οὐ τοίνυν δυνατὸν εἰπεῖν πῶς ἐπιποθῶ· οὐ γὰρ δύναμαι παραστῆσαι τῷ λόγῳ τὸν πόθον· διὰ τοῦτο τῷ θεῷ καταλιμπάνω[23] εἰδέναι τῷ τὰς καρδίας ἐμβατεύοντι.[24] Οὐκ ἂν δὲ, εἰ ἐκολάκευεν[25] αὐτοὺς, τὸν θεὸν ἐκάλεσε μάρτυρα· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀκίνδυνον[26] τοῦτο. Καὶ τοῦτο, φησὶ, προσεύχομαι, ἵνα ἡ ἀγάπη ὑμῶν ἔτι μᾶλλον καὶ μᾶλλον περισσεύῃ. Καλῶς· ἀκόρεστον[27] γὰρ ἀγαθὸν τοῦτο. Ὅρα πῶς φιλούμενος, ἔτι μᾶλλον ἐβούλετο φιλεῖσθαι. Ὁ γὰρ οὕτω φιλῶν, τὸν φιλούμενον οὐδαμοῦ τῆς ἀγάπης βούλεται ἵστασθαι· οὐ γὰρ ἔνι[28] μέτρον τούτο τοῦ καλοῦ. Ὅθεν ἀεί[29] αὐτὸ ὀφείλεσθαι βούλεται ὁ Παῦλος, Μηδενὶ, λέγων, μηδὲν ὀφείλετε, εἰ μὴ τὸ ἀγαπᾶν ἀλλήλους. Μέτρον ἀγάπης, τὸ μηδαμοῦ ἵστασθαι. Ἵνα ἡ ἀγάπη ὑμῶν, φησὶν, ἔτι μᾶλλον καὶ μᾶλλον περισσεύῃ. Ὅρα τὴν διάθεσιν[30] τῆς λέξεως.[31] Ἔτι μᾶλλον καὶ μᾶλλον, φησὶν, ἵνα περισσεύῃ ἐν ἐπιγνώσει καὶ πάσῃ αἰσθήσει.[32] Οὐχ ἁπλῶς τήν φιλίαν θαυμάζει, οὐδὲ ἁπλῶς τὴν ἀγάπην, ἀλλὰ τὴν ἐξ ἐπιγνώσεως· τουτέστιν, οὐχ ἵνα πρὸς ἄπαντας τῇ αὐτῇ χρήσησθε[33] ἀγάπῃ· τοῦτο γὰρ οὐκ ἀγάπης, ἀλλὰ ψυχρότητος.[34] Τί ἐστιν, Ἐν ἐπιγνώσει; Τουτέστι, μετὰ κρίσεως, μετὰ λογισμοῦ,[35] μετὰ τοῦ αἰσθάνεσθαι.[36] Εἰσὶ γάρ τινες ἀλόγως[37] φιλοῦντες, ἁπλῶς καὶ ὡς ἔτυχεν·[38] ὅθεν οὐδὲ σφοδρὰς εἶναι τὰς τοιαύτας φιλίας συμβαίνει.[39] Ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, φησὶ, καὶ πάσῃ αἰσθήσει, εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς τὰ διαφέροντα,[40] τουτέστι, τὰ συμφέροντα.[41] Οὐκ ἐμοῦ ἔνεκεν ταῦτα λέγω, φησὶν, ἀλλ᾽ ὑμῶν αὐτῶν· δέος[42] γὰρ μή τις παραφθαρῇ[43] ὑπὸ τῆς τῶν αἱρετικῶν[44] ἀγάπης. Τοῦτο γὰρ ὅλον αἰνίττεται[45] τῷ οὕτως εἰπεῖν. Καὶ ὄρα πῶς αὐτὸ τίθησιν· Οὐ δι᾽ ἐμὲ, φησὶ, ταῦτα λέγω, ἀλλ᾽ ἵνα ἦτε ὑμεῖς εἰλικρινεῖς·[46] τουτέστιν, Ἵνα μηδὲν νόθον[47] δόγμα τῷ τῆς ἀγάπης προσχήματι[48] παραδέχησθε.[49] Πῶς οὖν ἀλλαχοῦ[50] φησιν, Εἰ δυνατὸν, μετὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων εἰρηνεύετε;[51] Εἰρηνεύετε, εἶπεν, οὐ τοῦτο δηλῶν,[52] ὅτι Οὐκ οὕτως ἀγαπᾶτε, ὥστε ὑπὸ τῆς φιλίας βλάπτεσθαι.[53] Εἰ γὰρ ὁ ὀφθαλμός σου ὁ δέξιὸς σκανδαλίζει σε, φησὶν, ἔκκοψον[54] αὐτὸν, καὶ βάλε ἀπὸ σοῦ· ἀλλ᾽, Ἵνα ἦτε εἰλικρινεῖς, τὸ κατὰ θεὸν δηλονότι, καὶ ἀπρόσκοποι,[55] τὸ κατὰ ἀνθρώπους. Πολλοὺς γὰρ πολλάκις αἱ φιλίαι βλάπτουσιν. Εἰ γὰρ σὲ οὐδὲν βλάπτει, φησὶν, ἀλλ᾽ ἕτερος προσκόπτει.[56] Εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ· τουτέστιν, Ἵνα τότε εὑρεσθῆτε καθαροὶ, μηδένα σκανδαλίσαντες· Πεπληρωμένοι καρπῶν δικαιοσύνης τῶν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, εἰς δόξαν καὶ ἔπαινον θεοῦ· τουτέστι μετὰ τῶν δογμάτων καὶ βίον ὀρθὸν[57] ἔχοντες. Οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς ὀρθὸν εἶναι χρὴ,[58] ἀλλὰ πεπληρῶσθαι καρτῶν δικαιοσύνης. Ἔστι γὰρ δικαιοσύνη, ἀλλ᾽οὐ κατὰ Χριστὸν, οἷον βίος ἁπλῶς ἐνάρετος·[59] ἀλλὰ. Τῶν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, φησὶν, εἰς δόξαν καὶ ἔπαινον θεοῦ. Ὄρᾷς ὅτι οὐ τὴν ἐμαυτοῦ δόξαν λέγω, ἀλλὰ τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ δικαιοσύνην; Πολλαχοῦ δὲ δικαιοσύνην καὶ τὴν ἐλεημοσύνην[60] λέγε. Μὴ παραβλαπτέτω[61] ὑμᾶς, φησὶν, ἡ ἀγάπη πρὸς τὸ εἰδέναι τὰ συμφέροντα, μηδὲ, ἐπειδὴ τὸν δεῖνα[62] φιλεῖς, καταπέσῃς.[63] Βούλομαι μὲν αὐξάνεσθαι τὴν ἀγάπην ὑμῶν, οὐχ οὕτω μέντοι,[64] ὡς καὶ βλάπτεσθαι· καὶ οὐχ ἁπλῶς βούλομαι προλήψει,[65] ἀλλὰ δοκιμάσαντας, εἰ ἡμεῖς καλῶς λέγομεν. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν, Ἵνα τὰ ἡμέτερα αἰρῆσθε, ἀλλ᾽, Ἵνα δοκιμάζητε. Καὶ οὐκ εἶπε φανερῶς.[66] Μὴ τῷ δεῖνι πλησιάζετε·[67] ἀλλὰ, Πρὸς τὸ συμφέρον βούλομαι ὑμῖν τὴν ἀγάπην γίνεσθαι, οὐχ ἵνα ἀναισθήτως[68] διακέησθε. Ἀνόητον[69] γὰρ, εἰ μὴ διὰ Χριστὸν τὴν δικαιοσύνην ἐργάζεσθε, καὶ δἰ αὐτοῦ. Ἰδοὺ τὸ, Δι᾽ αὐτοῦ, πάλιν. Ἆρα οὖν ὑπουργῷ[70] κέχρηται[71] τῷ θεῷ; Ἄπαγε·[72] οὐχ ἵνα ἐγὼ. φησὶν, ἐπαινεθῶ,[73] οὕτως εἶπον, ἀλλ᾽ ἵνα ὁ θεὸς δοξάζηται. Γινώσκειν δὲ ὑμᾶς βούλομαι, ἀδελφοὶ, ὅτι τὰ κατ᾽ ἐμὲ μᾶλλον εἰς προκοπὴν[74] τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου ἐλήλυθεν. Ὥστε τοὺς δεσμοὺς[75] μου φανεροὺς ἐν Χριστῷ γενέσθαι ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ,[76] καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς πᾶσιν.


[1] ἐπιποθῶ from ἐπιποθέω “to greatly desire”

[2] σπλάγχνοις from σπλάγχνον “entrails, heart, affection”

[3] αἰσθήσει from αἴσθησις “judgment, perception, knowledge, discernment”

[4] διαφέροντα from διαφέρω “to be better, differ, spread, carry over”

[5] εἰλικρινεῖς from εἰλικρινής “pure, sincere”

[6] ἀπρόσκοποι from ἀπρόσκοπος “blameless, offense”

[7] ἔπαινον from ἔπαινος “praise”

[8] ἀπιστούμενος from ἀπιστέω “to disbelieve, distrust”

[9] διαθέσεως from διάθεσις “affection, disposition”

[10] θαρρεῖν from θαρρέω “courageous, brave, courage”

[11] Ἐπειδὴ from ἐπειδή “since, because, for”

[12] ἐκοινώνησαν from ἐκοινωνέω “to share, take part”

[13] νομίσωσιν from νομίζω “to think, suppose”

[14] ποθεῖ from ποθέω “to desire”

[15] ἁπλῶς from ἁπλῶς “simple, simply”

[16] ἐπήγαγεν from ἐπάγω “to bring upon”

[17] θερμότερον from θερμός “warm, hot”

[18] ὡσανεὶ from ὡσανεί “as though”

[19] συγγένειαν from συγγένεια “kindred, family”

[20] διάπυρα from διάπυρος “red-hot, fiery”

[21] γνησίοις from γνήσιος “genuine”

[22] φυσικοῖς from φυσικός “natural, native, physical”

[23] καταλιμπάνω from καταλιμπάνω “to leave, leave behind, forsake”

[24] ἐμβατεύοντι from ἐμβατεύω “to step in, enter into”

[25] ἐκολάκευεν from κολακεύω “to flatter”

[26] ἀκίνδυνον from ἀκίνδυνος “free from danger”

[27] ἀκόρεστον from ἀκόρεστος “insatiate”

[28] ἔνι from ἔνειμι “to be in, be there”

[29] ἀεί from ἀεί  “always”

[30] διάθεσιν from διάθεσις “arrangement, disposition”

[31] λέξεως from λέξις “speech, expression, dialect”

[32] αἰσθήσει from αἰσθήσις “judgment, perception, knowledge”

[33] χρήσησθε from χράομαι “to use, warn, declare”

[34] ψυχρότητος from ψυχρότης “lack of feeling, cold, coldness”

[35] λογισμοῦ from λογισμός “thought, deliberation, reasoning, reason”

[36] αἰσθάνεσθαι from αἰσθάνομαι “to perceive”

[37] ἀλόγως from ἀλόγως “stupid, unreasonably, irrationally”

[38] ἔτυχεν from τυγχάνω “to obtain, happen, hit upon”

[39] συμβαίνει from συμβαίνω “to happen, befall”

[40] διαφέροντα from διαφέρω “to be better, differ, spread, carry over”

[41] συμφέροντα from συμφέρω “to be better, bring together”

[42] δέος from δέος “awe, fear”

[43] παραφθαρῇ from παραφθείρω “to destroy”

[44] αἱρετικῶν from αἱρετικός “heretic”

[45] αἰνίττεται from αἰνίσσομαι “to hint, speak in riddles, speak darkly”

[46] εἰλικρινεῖς from εἰλικρινής “unmixed, without alloy, pure”

[47] νόθον from νόθος “illegitimate, spurious, counterfeit”

[48] προσχήματι from πρόσχημα “pretext, that which is held before”

[49] παραδέχησθε from παραδέχομαι “to receive”

[50] ἀλλαχοῦ from ἀλλαχοῦ “elsewhere”

[51] εἰρηνεύετε from εἰρηνεύω “to have peace”

[52] δηλῶν from δηλόω “to make visible”

[53] βλάπτεσθαι from βλάπτω “to harm”

[54] ἔκκοψον from ἐκκόπτω “to cut off, cut down, destroy”

[55] ἀπρόσκοποι from ἀπρόσκοπος “blameless, offense”

[56] προσκόπτει from προσκόπτω “to strike against, stumble”

[57] ὀρθὸν from ὀρθός “straight, upright, erect”

[58] χρὴ from χράομαι from “to use, warn, declare”

[59] ἐνάρετος from ἐνάρετος “virtue”

[60] ἐλεημοσύνην from ἐλεημοσύνη “pity, alms”

[61] παραβλαπτέτω from παραβλάπτω “to disable, hinder”

[62] δεῖνα from δεῖνα “such a person, a certain person”

[63] καταπέσῃς from καταπίπτω “to fall down”

[64] μέντοι from μέντοι “but, nevertheless”

[65] προλήψει from προλαμβάνω “to do ahead of time, be surprised”

[66] φανερῶς from φανερῶς “clearly, openly, publicly”

[67] πλησιάζετε from πλησιάζω “to come near, approach”

[68] ἀναισθήτως from ἀναίσθητος “without feeling, sense”

[69] Ἀνόητον from ἀνόητος “foolish”

[70] ὑπουργῷ from ὑπουργός “assistant, rendering service, serviceable, conducive to”

[71] κέχρηται from χράω “to use”

[72] Ἄπαγε from ἀπάγω “to lead away”

[73] ἐπαινεθῶ from ἐπαινέω “to praise, commend”

[74] προκοπὴν from προκοπή “progress, success”

[75] δεσμοὺς from δεσμός “chains, bonds, imprisonment”

[76] πραιτωρίῳ from πραιτωρίον “praetorian”

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Translation Tuesday: Chrysostom Week 8

Remember, although I attempted to provide a footnote for all words used 20x or less in the New Testament with a gloss, I may have missed some. Also, you may not know all words used more than 20x in the New Testament. Don’t let that stop you from participating. Just visit Perseus’ word study tool here, copy and paste the word you don’t know, and get morphological information and definitions for that word.

Vocabulary

Week 8: Homily 2, Section 5 

ε´.   Ἵνα δὲ εἰδῆτε ὅτι ὑμῶν ἔνεκεν πάντα καὶ λέγω καὶ ποιῶ, οὐ τῆς ἑτέρων ἀναπαύσεως[1] κηδόμενος·[2] εἴ τίς ἐστι τῶν προεστώτων[3] Ἐκκήσίας ἐν ἀφθονίᾳ[4] ζῶν, καὶ μηδενὸς δεόμενος,[5] κἂν ἅγιος ᾖ, μὴ δῷς, ἀλλὰ προτίμησον[6] ἐκείνου τὸν ἐν ἀδείᾳ[7] ὄντα, κἂν μὴ οὕτω; ᾖ θαυμαστός. Τί δήποτε;[8] Ὅτι καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς οὕτοι βούλεται, ὡς ὅταν λέγῃ· Ἐὰν ποιῇς δεῖπνον,[9] ἢ ἄριστον,[10] μὴ καλέσῃς τοὺς φίλους σου, μηδὲ τοὺς συγγενεῖς,[11] ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἀναπήρους,[12] τοὺς χωλοὺς,[13] τοὺς τυφλοὺς, τοὺς μὴ δυναμένους ἀνταποδοῦναι[14] σοι. Οὐ γὰρ ἁπλῶς[15] δεῖ τὰς τοιαύτας δεξιώσεις[16] ποιεῖν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς πεινῶσιν, ἀλλὰ τοῖς διψῶσιν,[17] ἀλλὰ τοῖς γυμνητεύουσιν,[18] ἀλλὰ τοῖς ξένοις,[19] ἀλλὰ τοῖς ἀπὸ πλούτου πτωχεύσασιν.[20] Οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν ἁπλῶς, Ἐτράφην,[21] ἀλλ᾽, Ἐπείνων· Πεινῶντά με γὰρ, φησὶν, εἶδετε, καὶ ἐθρέψατε. Διπλοῦν[22] τὸ δικαίωμα·[23] εἰ δὲ τὸν ἁπλῶς πεινῶντα δεῖ τρέφειν, πολλῷ μᾶλλον, ὅταν καὶ ἅγιος ὁ πεινῶν ᾖ. Ἂν τοίνυν ἅγιος μὲν ᾖ, μὴ δέηται δὲ, μὴ δῷς· οὐ γὰρ κέρδος[24] τοῦτο· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἐπέταξεν[25] ὁ Χριστὸς, μᾶλλον δὲ οὐδὲ ἅγιος ἐκεῖνο; ὁ ἐν ἀφθονίᾳ ὤν, καὶ λαμβάνων. Ὁρᾷς, ὅτι οὐκ αἰσχροκερδείας[26] ἕνεκεν ἡμῖν ταῦτα λέλεκται, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ὑμῖν λυσιτελοῦντος;[27] θρέψον τὸν πεινῶντα, ἵνα μὴ θρέψῃς τὸ τῆς γεέννης πῦρ· ἐκεῖνος ἐσθίων ἀπὸ τῶν σῶν, καὶ λείψανα[28] ἁγιάζει. Ἐννόησον[29] πῶς ἔτρεφε τὸν Ἠλίαν ἡ χήρα· οὐκ ἔθρεψε μᾶλλον, ἢ ἔλαβε. Τοῦτο καὶ νῦν γίνεται καὶ πολλῷ μεῖζον. Οὐ γὰρ ὑδρία[30] ἀλεύρου,[31] οὐδὲ καμψάκης[32] ἐλαίου, ἀλλὰ τί; ἐκατονταπλασίονα,[33] καὶ ζωὴ αἰώνιος τοῖς τοιούτοις ἡ ἀμοιβή.[34] Ἔλεος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἡ τροφὴ ἡ πνευματικὴ γίνῃ. ζύμη[35] καθαρά. Χήρα ἦν ἐκείνη, λιμὸς[36] ἐπέκειτο,[37] καὶ οὐδὲν τούτων αὐτὴν ἐκώλυσε·[38] παῖδες ἦσαν αὐτῇ, καὶ οὐδὲ οὕτως ἐνεποδίσθη.[39] Αὕτη τῆς τὰ δύο καταβαλούσης[40] λεπτὰ[41] ἴση γέγονεν. Οὐκ εἶπε πρὸς ἑαυτὴν, Τί ἀπὸ τούτου λήψομαι;[42] αὐτὸς ἐμοῦ δεῖται· εἴ τινα ἰσχὺν εἶχεν, οὐκ ἂν ἐλίμωξεν,[43] ἔλυσεν ἂν τὸν αὐχμὸν,[44] οὐκ ἂν ὑπεύθυνος[45] ἦν τοῖς αὐτοῖς· προσκρούει[46] ἴσως καὶ αὐτὸς τῷ θεῷ. Οὐδὲν τούτων ἐνενόησεν. Ὁρᾷς πόσον ἀγαθόν ἐστι μετὰ ἁπλότητος[47] εὖ πάσχοντα; Εἰ ἤθελε πολυπραγμονῆσαι,[48] ἐδίστασεν[49] ἂν, οὐκ ἂν ἐπίστευσεν. Οὕτω καὶ Ἀβραὰμ, εἰ ἤθελε πολυπραγμονῆσαι, οὐκ ἂν ἐδέξατο ἀγγέλους. Οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν, οὐκ ἔστι τὸν ἐν τούτοις ἀκριβολογούμενον[50] ἐπιτυχεῖν[51] ἁγίου ποτὲ, ἀλλ᾽ ὁ τοιοῦτος μάλιστα ἐμπίπτει[52] εἰς ἐπιθέτας.[53] Καὶ πῶς, ἐγὼ λέγω· Ὁ εὐλαβὴς[54] οὐ βούλεται φαίνεσθαι εὐλαβὴς, καὶ οὐ περιτίθησιν[55] ἑαυτῷ σχῆμα,[56] κἂν μέλλῃ διαπτύεσθαι·[57] ὁ δὲ ἐπιθέτης, ἅτε[58] τέχνην[59] τὸ πρᾶγμα ἔχων, πολλὴν εὐλάβειαν καὶ δυσφώρατον περιτίθεται. Ὥστε ὁ μὲν καὶ τοῖς δοκοῦσιν ἀνευλαβέσιν[60] εὖ ποιῶν, τοῖς εὐλαβέσι περιπεσεῖται· ὁ δὲ τοὺς νομιζομένους εὐλαβεῖς ἐπιζητῶν, ἀνευλαβέσιν ἐμπεσεῖται πολλάκις. Διὸ, παρακαλῶ, ἐν ἀπλότητι πάντα πράττωμεν. θῶμεν γὰρ ὅτι καὶ ἐπιθέτης ἐστὶν ὁ προσιών·[61] οὐκ ἐκελεύσθης[62] ταῦτα περιεργάζεσθαι.[63] Παντὶ γὰρ, φησὶ, τῷ αἰτοῦντί σε δίδου· καὶ, Ἐκπριοῦν[64] κτεινόμενον[65] μὴ φείσῃ·[66] καίτοι οἱ πλείους[67] τῶν ἀναιρουμένων ἐπὶ κακοῖς ἁλισκόμενοι[68] τοῦτο ὑπομένουσιν,[69] ἀλλὰ, Μὴ φείσῃ, φησίν. Οὕτω γὰρ ὅμοιοι ἐσόμεθα τῷ θεῷ, οὕτω θαυμασθησόμεθα, καὶ τῶν ἀθανάτων[70] ἐπιτευξόμεθα[71] ἀγαθῶν· ὦν γένοιτο πάντας ἡμᾶς ἐπιτυχεῖν, καὶ τὰ ἐξῆς.


[1] ἀναπαύσεως from ἀναπαύω “to stop, rest, refresh, die”

[2] κηδόμενος from κήδω “to trouble, distress”

[3] προεστώτων from προΐστημι “to manage, stand before, lead”

[4] ἀφθονίᾳ from ἀφθονία “freedom from envy”

[5] δεόμενος from δεόμαι “to lack, pray, ask, beg”

[6] προτίμησον from προτιμάω “to prefer”

[7] ἀδείᾳ from ἄδεια “freedom, from free”

[8] δήποτε from δήποτε “ever, soever, sometime”

[9] δεῖπνον from δεῖπνον “dinner, supper”

[10] ἄριστον from ἄριστον “meal”

[11] συγγενεῖς from συγγενίς “relative”

[12] ἀναπήρους from ἀνάπηρος “maimed, mutilated”

[13] χωλοὺς from χωλός “crippled”

[14] ἀνταποδοῦναι from ἀνταποδίδωμι “to repay, give back”

[15] ἁπλῶς from ἁπλῶς “simply, sincerely, generously”

[16] δεξιώσεις from δεξίωσις “greeting, treatment”

[17] διψῶσιν from διψάω “to thirst”

[18] γυμνητεύουσιν from γυμνητεύω “to be naked”

[19] ξένοις from ξένος “stranger, strange, foreigner”

[20] πτωχεύσασιν from πτωχεύω “to become poor”

[21] Ἐτράφην from τρέφω “to feed”

[22] Διπλοῦν from διπλόος “twofold, double”

[23] δικαίωμα from δικαίωμα “ordinance, requirement, righteousness”

[24] κέρδος from κέρδος “gain”

[25] ἐπέταξεν from ἐπιτάσσω “to command, order”

[26] αἰσχροκερδείας from αἰσχροκέρδεια “covetousness”

[27] λυσιτελοῦντος from λυσιτελέω “to profit”

[28] λείψανα from λείψανον “remnant, piece left”

[29] Ἐννόησον from ἐννοέω “to consider, reflect”

[30] ὑδρία from ὑδρία “cistern, reservoir”

[31] ἀλεύρου from ἄλευρον “wheat-meal”

[32] καμψάκης from καμψάκης “flask”

[33] ἐκατονταπλασίονα from ἐκατονταπλασίων “a hundred times as much”

[34] ἀμοιβή from ἀμοιβή “requital, recompense”

[35] ζύμη from ζύμη “yeast, leaven”

[36] λιμὸς from λιμός “famine, hunger”

[37] ἐπέκειτο from ἐπίκειμαι “to press, line on, insist, attack”

[38] ἐκώλυσε from κωλύω “to hinder, prevent”

[39] ἐνεποδίσθη from ἐμποδίζω “to hinder”

[40] καταβαλούσης from καταβάλλω “to throw down”

[41] λεπτὰ from λεπτόν “copper coin”

[42] λήψομαι from λαμβάνω “to take, receive”

[43] ἐλίμωξεν from λιμώσσω “to be hungry, famished”

[44] αὐχμὸν from αὐχμός “drought”

[45] ὑπεύθυνος from ὑπεύθυνος “subservient to, subject to , guilty”

[46] προσκρούει from προσκρούω “take offense at, be angry with”

[47] ἁπλότητος from ἁπλότης “simplicity, singleness [of mind]”

[48] πολυπραγμονῆσαι from πολυπραγμονέω “to be busy about many things”

[49] ἐδίστασεν from διστάζω “to doubt”

[50] ἀκριβολογούμενον from ἀκριβολογέομαι “to be exact”

[51] ἐπιτυχεῖν from ἐπιτυγχάνω “hit the mark”

[52] ἐμπίπτει from ἐμπίτνω “fall upon”

[53] ἐπιθέτας from ἐπιθέτης “plotter, imposter”

[54] εὐλαβὴς from εὐλαβής “reverent, godly”

[55] περιτίθησιν from περιτίθημι “to put on, pretend to”

[56] σχῆμα from σχῆμα “form, outward form”

[57] διαπτύεσθαι from διαπτύω “to spit upon”

[58] ἅτε from ἅτε “just as, as if, so as”

[59] τέχνην from τέχνη “craft, trade, skill”

[60] ἀνευλαβέσιν from ἀνευλαβής “irreverent, ungodly”

[61] προσιών from προσίζω “to come and sit near”

[62] Aorist passive of κελεύω “to command”

[63] περιεργάζεσθαι from περιεργάζομαι “to be overly concerned about”

[64] Ἐκπριοῦν from ἐκπρίω “to saw off, cut off bonds”

[65] κτεινόμενον from κτείνω “to strike, kill, slay”

[66] φείσῃ from φείδομαι “to spare”

[67] πλείους from πλείων “more”

[68] ἁλισκόμενοι from ἁλίσκομαι “to be taken, conquered, fall into an enemy’s hand”

[69] ὑπομένουσιν from ὑπομένω “to endure, remain, wait upon”

[70] ἀθανάτων from ἀθάνατος “undying, immortal, eternal”

[71] ἐπιτευξόμεθα from ἐπιτυγχάνω “to obtain, attain, be successful”

Posted in Early Church Writings, Greek, Greek Resources, Translation Tuesdays | Tagged , , , | Leave a comment

Forgetfulness: On Learning Languages

I often tell my Greek Grammar students that I was a bad Greek student when I first started learning the language. The story goes a little like this: “When I started learning the language, I didn’t take memorizing the paradigms seriously. I would wait until the day before the quiz, pull out my Greek Grammar textbook, and review all the paradigms by writing them out one by one. Then, after the quiz I would forget everything. Rinse and repeat for two semesters.”

This story is intended to function as a source of encouragement. When my students encounter new paradigms and struggle through them but make great progress, I like to highlight how well they are doing in comparison to my laissez faire approach to the language. I am, however, coming to realize how fundamentally flawed that comparison is.

Currently, I am learning Latin in a formal setting. (I studied Latin as an independent study during my MDiv but felt I needed to shore up a number of deficiencies.) As I worked through memorizing the paradigms and vocabulary tonight, a sense of deja vu washed over me. And yet, it wasn’t deja vu. It was the memory of a very familiar ritual. I did the same thing throughout Greek Grammar I and II.

It occurred to me that the routine I developed in college was not, in fact, a mad dash to cram for the quiz. It was a necessary routine to drill the paradigms into my thick skull. It was necessary then, and it is necessary now as I try to learn Latin as well as I now know Greek.

The fact is, I had forgotten how hard learning Greek was for me. Now I can rattle off paradigms without a hitch (well, okay, with a few hitches here and there). I can translate rather well when I am familiar with the vocabulary. Working in NT Greek is starting to feel like second nature. But when I was learning Greek, it did not come naturally. It took a lot of work. The same is true of Latin. It is taking a lot more time and effort than I thought. As frustrating as it is at times, it is worth the time and effort.

To my students, I apologize for forgetting how hard it was to learn Greek. I promise I will be more understanding in our future . . . class.

Posted in Greek, Teaching | 2 Comments

Translation Tuesday: Chrysostom Week 7

Remember, although I attempted to provide a footnote for all words used 20x or less in the New Testament with a gloss, I may have missed some. Also, you may not know all words used more than 20x in the New Testament. Don’t let that stop you from participating. Just visit Perseus’ word study tool here, copy and paste the word you don’t know, and get morphological information and definitions for that word.

Vocabulary

Week 7: Homily 2, Section 4

δ´.   Ἐπεὶ οὖν ἔστι κοινωνῆσαι[1] καὶ ἑτέρως χάριτος, καὶ πειρασμῶν καὶ θλίψεων, κοινωνῶμεν, παρακαλῶ, καὶ ἡμεῖς. Πόσοι τῶν ἐνταῦθα[2] ἐστώτων, μᾶλλον δὲ πάντες, ἐβούλεσθε κοινωνῆσαι τῷ Παύλῳ τῶν ἀποκειμένων[3] ἀγαθῶν! Ἔνεστιν,[4] εἰ βούλεσθε τοῖς τὴν διακονίαν ἀναδεδεγμένοις[5] τὴν ἐκείνου, τοῖς πάσχουσί τι δεινὸν[6] διὰ τὸν Χριστὸν συμμαχῆσαι,[7] βοηθῆσαι.[8] Εἶδες ἐν πειρασμῷ τὸν ἀδελφόν; ὄρεξον[9] χεῖρα. Εἶδες τὸν διδάσκαλον ἀγωνιζόμενον;[10] παράστηθι. Ἀλλ᾽ οὐδεὶς κατὰ Παῦλόν ἐστι, φησίν. Εὐθέως ἀπόνοια,[11] εὐθέως κρίνουσιν. Οὐδεὶς κατὰ Παῦλόν ἐστι, κἀγὼ ὁμολογῶ· ἀλλ᾽ Ὁ δεχόμενος, φησὶ, προφήτην εἰς ὄνομα προφήτου, μισθὸν προφήτου λήψεται. Μὴ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι διὰ τοῦτο ἐθαυμάζοντο, ἐπειδὴ Παύλῳ συνέπραττον;[12] Οὐ διὰ τοῦτο, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπειδὴ ἀναδεξαμένῳ[13] τὸ κήρυγμα.[14] Παῦλος διὰ τοῦτο τίμιος[15] ἦν, ἐπειδὴ[16] ταῦτα ἔπασχε διὰ τὸν Χριστόν. Κατὰ Παῦλον μὲν οὐδείς ἐστι. Τί λέγω κατὰ Παῦλον; Ἀλλὰ οὐδὲ κατὰ μικρὸν ἐγγὺς τοῦ μακαρίου ἐκείνου· τὸ δὲ κήρυγμα τὸ αὐτό ἐστιν, ὅπερ[17] καὶ τότε. Οὐκ ἐν δεσμοῖς[18] δὲ  ὄντι μόνον ἐκοινώνουν αὐτῷ, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς· ἄκουε γὰρ αὐτοῦ λέγοντος· Οἴδατε δὲ καὶ ὑμεῖς, Φιλιππήσιοι, ὅτι ἐν ἀρχῇ τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου οὐδεμία μοι Ἐκκλησία ἐκοινώνησεν εἰς λόγον δόσεως[19] καὶ λήψεως,[20] εἰ μὴ ὑμεῖς μόνοι. Καὶ χωρὶς πειρασμῶν δὲ ἔχει πολὺν ὁ διδάσκαλος πόνον,[21] ἀγρυπνίαν,[22] κόπον[23] τὸν ἐν λόγῳ, διδασκαλίαν, μέμψεις,[24] κατηγορίας,[25] αἰτίας, βασκανίας.[26] Μικρὰ ταῦτα, τὸ μυρίων ἀνέχεσθαι[27] στομάτων, ἐξὸν[28] τὰ αὐτοῦ μεριμνᾷν;[29] Οἴμοι,[30] τί πάθω; ἐν μέσῳ δυοῖν ἐναπείλημμαι[31] πραγμάτων[32] ἀπορῶν·[33] βούλομαι μὲν γὰρ καὶ προτρέψαι[34] ὑμᾶς, καὶ παρακαλέσαι πρὸς τὴν συμμαχίαν[35] καὶ τὴν ἀντίληψιν[36] τῶν ἁγίων τοῦ θεοῦ· δέδοικα δὲ μὴ ἕτερόν τις ὑποπτεύσῃ,[37] ὅτι οὐχ ὑμῶν ἕνεκεν ἀλλ᾽ ἐκείνων ταῦτα λέγω. Ἴστε[38] δὲ, ὅτι οὐκ ἐκείνων ἕνεκεν ταῦτα λέγω, ἀλλ᾽ ὑμῶν. Καὶ εἰ βούλεσθε προσέχειν, δι᾽ αὐτῶν τῶν λόγων ὑμᾶς πείθω· οὐκ ἔστιν ἴσον[39] ὑμῖν τὸ κέρδος,[40] κἀκείνοις. Ὑμεῖς μὲν γὰρ ἐὰν δῶτε, ταῦτα δώσετε, ὦν καὶ μικρὸν ὕστερον[41] καὶ ἐκόντες[42] καὶ ἄκοντες ἀποστήσεσθε,[43] καὶ παραχωρήσετε[44] ἑτέροις· ἃ δὲ λαμβάνεις, πολλῷ μεγάλα ἐστὶ καὶ μείζονα. Ἢ οὐχ οὕτω διάκεισθε,[45] ὅτι διδόντες λήψεσθε; Εἰ γὰρ μὴ οὕτω διάκεισθε, ὅτι διδόντες λήψεσθε; Εἰ γὰρ μὴ οὕτω διάκεισθε, οὐδὲ δοῦναι ὑμᾶς βούλομαι· οὕτως οὐ τὸν ὑπὲρ ἐκείνων ποιοῦμαι λόγον. Εἰ μὴ τις οὕτω πρότερον[46] ἑαυτὸν διέθηκεν,[47] ὡς λαμβάνων μᾶλλον ἢ διδοὺς, ὡς κερδαίνων[48] μυρία, ὡς εὐεργετούμενος[49] ἢ εὐεργετῶν, μὴ διδότω· εἰ ὡς χάριν παρέχων[50] τῷ λαμβάνοντι, μὴ διδότω. Οὐ γὰρ τοῦτό μοι περισπούδαστον[51] τοσοῦτον τραφῆναι[52] τοὺς ἁγίους· κᾶν γὰρ σὺ μὴ δῷς, ἕτερος δώσει. Ὥστε ὃ βούλομαι, τοῦτό ἐστιν, ὑμᾶς τῶν ὑμετέρων ἁμαρτημάτων παραμυθίαν[53] ἔχειν· ὁ δὲ μὴ οὕτω διδοὺς, οὐχ ἔξει παραμυθίαν. Οὐ γὰρ τὸ δοῦναι, τοῦτό ἐστιν ἐλεημοσύνην[54] ἐγάσασθαι, ἀλλὰ τὸ μετὰ προθυμίας, τὸ χαίροντα, τὸ χάριν εἰδότα τῷ λαμβάνοντι· Μὴ ἐκ λύπης[55] γὰρ, φησὶ, μηδὲ ἐξ ἀνάγκης·[56] ἱλαρὸν[57] γὰρ δότην[58] ἀγαπᾷ ὁ θεός. Εἰ μὴ τις τοίνυν οὕτω δίδωσι, μὴ διδότω· ζημία[59] γὰρ τοῦτό ἐστιν, οὐκ ἐλεημοσύνη. Εἰ τοίνυν ἴστε, ὅτι ὑμεῖς κερδανεῖτε, οὐκ ἐκεῖνοι, ἴστε, ὅτι μεῖζον ὑμῖν τὸ κέρδος γίνεται. Ἐκείνοις μὲν γὰρ τὸ σῶμα τρέφεται, ὑμῖν δὲ ἡ ψυχὴ εὐδοκιμεῖ·[60] ἐκείνοις οὐδὲν ἀφίεται τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, ὅταν λάβωσιν, ὑμῖν δὲ τὰ πολλὰ τῶν προσκρουμάτων[61] ὑποτέμνεται.[62] Κοινωνῶμεν τοίνυν αὐτοῖς τῶν ἄθλων, ἵνα καὶ τῶν ἐκείνοις κοινωνήσωμεν μεγάλων ἐπάθών. Βασιλέας υἱοποιοῦντές[63] τινες, οὐχ ἠγοῦνται διδόναι μᾶλλον, ἢ λαμβάνειν. Υἱοποίησαι σὺ τὸν Χριστὸν, καὶ ἔξεις πολλὴν ἀσφάλειαν.[64] Βούλει καὶ Παύλῳ κοινωνῆσαι; τί λέγω Παύλῳ, ὅπου γε Χριστός ἐστιν ὁ λαμβάνων;


[1] κοινωνῆσαι from κοινωνέω “to share, take part”

[2] ἐνταῦθα from ἐνταῦθα “here, on one side”

[3] ἀποκειμένων from ἀποκείμαι “to store away”

[4] Ἔνεστιν from ἔνειμι “to be in, be there”

[5] ἀναδεδεγμένοις from ἀναδέχομαι “to receive, accept”

[6] δεινὸν from δεινός “terrible, dreadful”

[7] συμμαχῆσαι from συμμαχέω “to be an ally, be in alliance”

[8] βοηθῆσαι from βοηθέω “to help”

[9] ὄρεξον from ὀργέω “to lend, desire, aspire”

[10] ἀγωνιζόμενον from ἀγωνίζομαι “to strive, fight, struggle”

[11] ἀπόνοια from ἀπόνοια “madness, distraction, desperation”

[12] συνέπραττον from συμπράσσω “to help, assist”

[13] ἀναδεξαμένῳ from ἀναδέχομαι “to receive, accept”

[14] κήρυγμα from κήρυγμα “preaching”

[15] τίμιος from τίμιος “honor, precious, rare”

[16] ἐπειδὴ from ἐπειδὴ “since, because, for”

[17] ὅπερ from ὅσπερ “the very man who, the very thing which”

[18] δεσμοῖς from δεσμός “chains, bonds, imprisonment”

[19] δόσεως from δόσις “giving, gift”

[20] λήψεως from λήψις “taking hold, seizing, catching”

[21] πόνον from πόνος “work”

[22] ἀγρυπνίαν from ἀγρυπνία “sleeplessness, care”

[23] κόπον from κόπος “labor, trouble”

[24] μέμψεις from μέμψις “blame, censure”

[25] κατηγορίας from κατηγορία “accusation”

[26] βασκανίας from βασκανία “malign influence, witchery”

[27] ἀνέχεσθαι from ἀνέχω “to lift, esteem, hinder, stop, bear, suffer, be patient”

[28] From ἔξεστιν

[29] μεριμνᾷν from μέριμνα “care, anxiety”

[30] Οἴμοι from Οἴμοι “ah me, woe’s me”

[31] ἐναπείλημμαι from ἐναπολαμβάνω “to take in”

[32] πραγμάτων from πρᾶγμα “thing, deed”

[33] ἀπορῶν from ἄπορος “without passage, having no way in, out”

[34] προτρέψαι from προτρέπω “to encourage, persuade, urge on”

[35] συμμαχίαν from συμμαχία “alliance, offensive and defensive”

[36] ἀντίληψιν from ἀντίληψις “receiving in turn”

[37] ὑποπτεύσῃ from ὑποπτεύω “to observe, notice, guess, suppose, be suspicious”

[38] From οἶδα

[39] ἴσον from ἴσος “equal”

[40] κέρδος from κέρδος “gain”

[41] ὕστερον from ὕστερος “afterwards, last, later”

[42] ἑκόντες from ἑκών “willing”

[43] ἀποστήσεσθε from ἀφίστημι “to withdraw, remove, depart, leave”

[44] παραχωρήσετε from παραχωρέω “to go aside”

[45] διάκεισθε from διάκειμαι “to be disposed, affected, settled, served at table”

[46] πρότερον from πρότερος “former, formerly”

[47] διέθηκεν from διατίθημι “to make a covenant”

[48] κερδαίνων from κερδαίνω “to gain”

[49] εὐεργετούμενος from εὐεργετέω “to do good, serve as benefactor”

[50] παρέχων from παρέχω “to provide, cause, grant, present”

[51] περισπούδαστον from περισπούδαστος “much sought after, much defined”

[52] τραφῆναι from τρέφω “to feed”

[53] παραμυθίαν from παραμυθία “exhortation consolation, comfort”

[54] ἐλεημοσύνην from ἐλεημοσύνη “pity, alms”

[55] λύπης from λύπη “grief, pain”

[56] ἀνάγκης from ἀνάγκη “necessity, distress, calamity”

[57] ἱλαρὸν from ἱλαρός “cheerful”

[58] δότην from δότης “giver”

[59] ζημία from ζημία “loss, penalty”

[60] εὐδοκιμεῖ from εὐδοκιμέω “to be of good repute, highly esteemed, popular”

[61] προσκρουμάτων from πρόσκρουμα “obstacle, that which one strikes”

[62] ὑποτέμνεται from ὑποτέμνω “to cut away under”

[63] υἱοποιοῦντές from υἱοποιέομαι “to adopt as son”

[64] ἀσφάλειαν from ἀσφάλεια “safety, securely”

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Translation Tuesday: Chrysostom Week 6

Remember, although I attempted to provide a footnote for all words used 20x or less in the New Testament with a gloss, I may have missed some. Also, you may not know all words used more than 20x in the New Testament. Don’t let that stop you from participating. Just visit Perseus’ word study tool here, copy and paste the word you don’t know, and get morphological information and definitions for that word.

Vocabulary

Week 6: Homily 2, Section 3

γ´.   Ὅρα πῶς; αὐτοὺς καὶ μετριάζειν[1] διδάσκει. Ἐπειδὴ[2] γὰρ μέγα αὐτοῖς ἐμαρτύρησε πρᾶγμα,[3] ἵνα μή τι ἀνθρώπινον[4] πάθωσιν, εὐθέως παιδεύει[5] αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τὸν Χριστὸν καὶ τὰ παρελθόντα, καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα ἀνατιθέναι·[6] πῶς; Οὐ γὰρ εἶπε, Πεποιθὼς, ὅτι ὡς ἐνήρξασθε,[7] καὶ τελέσετε, ἀλλὰ τί; Ὁ ἐναρξάμενος ἐν ὑμῖν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐπιτελέσει· οὔτε εἶπεν αὐτῶν εἶναι τὰ κατορθώματα[8] μόνον, ἀλλὰ προηγουμένως τοῦ θεοῦ· θαρρῶ[9] γὰρ, φησὶν, ὅτι ὁ ἐναρξάμενος ἐν ὑμῖν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐπιτελέσει ἄχρις ἡμέρας Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ· τουτέστιν, ὁ θεός. Οὐ περὶ ὑμῶν δὲ, φησὶ, μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τῶν ἐξ ὑμῶν οὔτω διάκειμαι.[10] Καὶ τοῦτο γὰρ οὐ μικρὸν ἐγκώμιον,[11] τὸ τὸν θεὸν ἐν τινι ἐνεργεῖν. Εἰ γὰρ μὴ προσωπολήπτης[12] ἐστὶν, ὥσπερ οὖν οὐδέ ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὴν πρόθεσιν[13] ὁρῶν, συνεφάπτεται[14] τῶν κατορθωμάτων ἡμῖν, δῆλον[15] ὅτι τοῦ ἐπισπάσασθαι[16] αὐτὸν ἡμεῖς αἴτιοι.[17] Ὥστε οὐδὲ οὕτως ἀπεστέρησεν[18] αὐτοὺς τῶν ἐγκωμίων· ἐπεὶ εἰ ἁπλῶς[19] ἐνήργει, οὐδὲν ἂν ἐκώλυσε καὶ Ἕλληνας καὶ πάντας ἀνθρώπους ἐνεργεῖσθαι, εἰ ὡς ξύλα ἡμᾶς ἐκίνει[20] καὶ λίθους, καὶ μὴ τὰ παρ᾽ ἡμῶν ἐξήτει. Ὥστε τῷ εἰπεῖν, Ὁ θεὸς ἐπιτελέσει, καὶ τοῦτο πάλιν αὐτῶν ἐγκώμιον γίνεται, τῶν ἐπισπασαμένων τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν χάριν συμπράττειν[21] αὐτοῖς ἐν τῷ ὑπερβῆναι[22] τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν.[23] Καὶ ἑτέρως[24] δὲ ἐγκώμιον, ὅτι τοιαῦτα τὰ κατορθώματα ὑμῶν ἐστιν, ὥστε μὴ εἶναι ἀνθρώπινα, ἀλλὰ τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ δεῖσθαι ῥοπῆς.[25] Εἰ δὲ ὁ θεὸς ἐπιτελέσει, οὐδὲ πολὺς ἔσται κάματος,[26] ἀλλὰ δεῖ θαρρεῖν,[27] ὡς εὐμαρῶς[28] πάντα διανυόντων,[29] ἅτε ὑπ᾽ ἐκείνου βοηθουμένων.[30] Καθὼς ἐστι δίκαιον ἐμὲ τοῦτο φρονεῖν ὑπὲρ ἀπάντων ὑμῶν, διὰ τὸ ἔχειν με ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμᾶς, ἔν τε τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου, καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀπολογίᾳ μου, καὶ βεβαιώσει[31] τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου, συγκοινωνούς[32] μου τῆς χάριτος πάντας ὑμᾶς ὄντας. Πολὺν τέω;[33] δείκνυσιν ἐνταῦθα[34] αὐτοῦ τὸν πόθον,[35] εἶ γε ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοὺς εἶχε, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ δεσμωτηρίῳ[36] δεδεμένος Φιλιππησίων ἐμέμνητο. Οὐ μικρὸν δὲ τῶν ἀνδρῶν τὸ ἐγκώμιον, τὸ μεμνῆσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου τούτου· ἐπειδὴ μηδέ ἐστι προλήψεως[37] ἡ τοῦ ἁγίου τούτου ἀγάπη. ἀλλὰ χρίσεως[38] καὶ λογισμῶν[39] ὀρθῶν.[40] Ὥστε τὸ ἀγαπᾶσθαι παρὰ Παῦλου οὕτω σφοδρῶς,[41] τεκμήριόν[42] ἐστε τινὰ εἶναι μέγαν καὶ θαυμαστόν.[43] Καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀπολογίᾳ,[44] φησὶ, καὶ βεβαιώσει τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου. Καὶ τί θαυμαστὸν, εἰ ἐν τῳ δεσμωτηρίῳ εἶχεν αὐτούς; Οὐδὲ γὰρ κατ᾽ ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρὸν, φησὶ, καθ᾽ ὃν εἰσῄειν[45] εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον[46] ἀπολογησόμενος,[47] ἐξεπέσατέ[48] μου τῆς μνήμης.[49] Οὕτω γάρ ἐστι τυραννικὸν[50] ὁ ἔρως[51] ὁ πνευματικὸς, ὡς μηδενὶ παραχωρεῖν[52] καιρῷ, ἀλλ᾽ ἀεὶ[53] τῆς ψυχῆς ἔχεσθαι τοῦ φιλοῦντος, καὶ μηδεμίαν θλῖψιν ἢ ὀδύνην[54] συγχωρεῖν[55] περιγενέσθαι[56] τῆς ψυχῆς· Καθάπερ[57] γὰρ ἐπὶ τῆς καμίνου[58] τῆς Βαβυλωνίας. τοσαύτης αἰρομένης φλογὸς,[59] δρόσος[60] ἦν τοῖς μακαρίοις ἐκείνοις παισίν· οὕτω καὶ φιλία[61] τοῦ ἀγαπῶντος καὶ ἀρέσκοντος[62] θεῷ τὴν ψυχὴν καταλαβοῦσα,[63] πᾶσαν ἀποτινάσσει[64] φλόγα, καὶ δρόσον ποιεῖ θαυμαστήν. Καὶ βεβαιώσει τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου, φησίν. Ἄρα τὰ δεσμὰ[65] βεβαίωσις τοῦ Εὐααγελίου ἦν. ἀρα ἀπολογία. Καὶ πάνυ[66] ὑγιῶς·[67] ὅτι εἰ μὲν παρῃτήσατο[68] τὰ δεσμὰ, ἔδοξεν ἄν εἶναι ἀπατεών·[69] νῦν δὲ πάντα ὑπομένων,[70] καὶ δεσμὰ καὶ θλίψιν, δηλοῖ ὡς οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνης τινὸς αἰτίας ἕνεκεν ταῦτα πάσχει, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸν θεὸν τὸν ἀνταποδιδόντα.[71] Οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἂν καὶ ἀποθανεῖν εἵλετο[72] καὶ τοσούτους κινδύνους[73] ἀναδέξασθαι,[74] οὐδεὶς ἂν καὶ βασιλεῖ τοιούτῳ κατεδέξατο[75] προσκροῦσαι.[76] τῷ Νέρωνι λέγω, εἰ μὴ πρὸς ἕτερον ἑώρα βασιλέα πολλῷ μείζονα. Ἄρα βεβαίωσις τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου ἦν τὰ δεσμά. Ὅρα πῶς ἐκ περιουσίας[77] εἰς τὸ ἐναντίον ἅπαντα περιέτρεψεν.[78] Ὃ γὰρ ἐνόμιζον[79] εἶναι ἀσθένειαν καὶ κατηγορίαν,[80] τοῦτο βεβαίωσίν φησι· καὶ εἰ μὴ τοῦτο γέγονεν, ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ ἦν. Εἶτα δείκνυσιν ὅτι οὐ προλήψεως ἡ ἀγάπη, ἀλλὰ κρίσεως. Διὰ τί; Ἔχω ὑμᾶς, φησὶν, ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου, καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀπολογίᾳ διὰ τὸ συγκοινωνοὺς εἶναι τῆς χὰριτος. Τί ἐστι τοῦτο; ἡ χάρις τοῦ Ἀποστόλου τοῦτο ἦν τὸ δεσμεῖσθαι,[81] τὸ ἐλαύνεσθαι,[82] τὸ μυρία[83] πάσχειν δεινά;[84] Ναί· Ἀρκεῖ[85] γάρ σοι, φησὶν, ἡ χάρις μου· ἡ γὰρ δύναμίς μου ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται. Διὸ εὐδοκῶ, φησὶν, ἐν ἀσθενείαις, ἐν ὕβρεσιν.[86] Ἐπεὶ οὖν ὁρῶν ὑμᾶς διὰ τῶν ἔργων τὴν ἀρετὴν[87] ἐπιδεικνυμένους,[88] καὶ τῆς χάριτος ταύτης ὄντας κοινωνοὺς,[89] καὶ μετὰ προθυμίας,[90] εἰκότως[91] ταῦτα στοχάζομαι.[92] Ὁ γὰρ πεῖραν[93] ὑμῶν εἰληφὼς,[94] καὶ μάλιστα[95] πάντων ὑμᾶς εἰδὼς, καὶ τὰ ὑμέτερα κατορθώματα, ὅτι καὶ τοσοῦτον ἡμῶν ἀφεστηκότες[96] βιάζεσθε[97] μὴ ἀπολειφθῆναι[98] ἡμῶν ἐν ταῖς θλίψεσιν, ἀλλὰ τῶν ὑπὲρ τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου πειρασμῶν κοινωνῆσαι,[99] καὶ μηδὲν ἔλαττον[100] ἐμοῦ ἔχειν τοῦ εἰς τοὺς ἀγῶνας[101] ἐμβεβηκότος,[102] αὐτοὶ οἱ πόρρωθεν[103] ὄντες, δίκαιός είμι ταῦτα μαρτυρεῖν. Διὰ τί δὲ οὐκ εἶπε, Κοινωνοὺς, ἀλλὰ, Συγκοινωνούς; Καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγὼ, φησὶν ἑτέρῳ κοινωνῶ, ἵνα γένωμαι συγκοινωνὸς τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου· τουτέστιν, ἵνα κοινωνήσω τῶν ἀποκειμένων[104] ἀγαθῶν τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ. Καὶ τὸ δὴ θαυμαστὸν, τὸ πάντας αὐτοὺς οὕτω διακεῖσθαι[105] ὥστε συγκοινωνοὺς Παῦλου ἀκούειν· Συγκοινωνούς μου γὰρ, φησὶ, τῆς χάριτος πάντας ὑμᾶς ὄντας. Ἀπὸ τῶν προοιμίων[106] τοίνυν τούτων πέποιθα, ὅτι τοιοῦτοι ἔσεσθε μέχρι τέλους. Οὐ γὰρ ἔνι οὕτω λαμπρὰν[107] ἀρχὴν σβεσθῆναι[108] καὶ λῆξαι,[109] ἀλλὰ μεγάλα δείκνυσι τὰ τέλη.


[1] μετριάζειν from μετριάζω  “to be moderate, keep measure, behave well” [Used 0x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[2] Ἐπειδὴ from ἐπειδή “since, because, for” [Used 10x in NT; 20x in LXX]

[3] πρᾶγμα from πρᾶγμα “thing, deed” [Used 11x in NT; 121x in LXX]

[4] ἀνθρώπινον from ἀνθρώπινος “human” [Used 7x in NT; 14x in LXX]

[5] παιδεύει from παιδεύω “to instruct, discipline” [Used 13x in NT; 88x in LXX]

[6] ἀνατιθέναι from ἀνατίθημι “to set up, dedicate, declare, ascribe” [Used 2x in NT; 9x in LXX]

[7] ἐνήρξασθε from ἐνάρχομαι “to begin” [Used 2x in NT; 11x in LXX]

[8] κατορθώματα from κατορθώμα “success, good order, improvement” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[9] θαρρῶ from θαρρέω “to be courageous, brave” [Used 6x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[10] διάκειμαι from διάκειμαι “to be firm, solid” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[11] ἐγκώμιον from ἐγκώμιον “praise, encomium, eulogy, panygeric” [Used 0x in NT; 2x in LXX]

[12] προσωπολήπτης from προσωπολήπτης “respecter of persons” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[13] πρόθεσιν from πρόθεσις “placing in public, setting forth, offering” [Used 12x in NT; 18x in LXX]

[14] συνεφάπτεται from συνεφάπτομαι “to lay hold of jointly” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[15] δῆλον from δῆλος “evident, clear” [Used 3x in NT; 9x in LXX]

[16] ἐπισπάσασθαι from ἐπισπάω “to draw in, bring upon” [Used 1x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[17] αἴτιοι from αἴτιος “cause, source, guilt” [Used 5x in NT; 6x in LXX]

[18] ἀπεστέρησεν from ἀποστερέω “to defraud” [Used 6x in NT; 8x in LXX]

[19] ἁπλῶς from ἁπλῶς “simply, sincerely, generously” [Used 1x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[20] ἐκίνει from κινέω “to move, disturb” [Used 8x in NT; 47x in LXX]

[21] συμπράττειν from συμπράσσω “to help, assist” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[22] ὑπερβῆναι from ὑπερβαίνω “to cross over, exceed, sin against” [Used 1x in NT; 17x in LXX]

[23] φύσιν from φύσις “nature” [Used 14x in NT; 12x in LXX]

[24] ἑτέρως from ἑτέρως “otherwise” [Used 1x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[25] ῥοπῆς from ῥοπή “weight, influence” [Used 0x in NT; 7x in LXX]

[26] κάματος from κάματος “toil, trouble, work, distress” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[27] θαρρεῖν from θαρρέω “to be courageous, brave” [Used 6x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[28] εὐμαρῶς from εὐμαρής “easy convenient” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[29] διανυόντων from διανύω “to arrive, finish” [Used 1x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[30] βοηθουμένων from βοηθέω “to help” [Used 8x in NT; 106x in LXX]

[31] βεβαιώσει from βεβαίωσις “confirmation” [Used 2x in NT; 2x in LXX]

[32] συγκοινωνούς from συγκοινωνός “participant” [Used 4x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[33] τέω from τέος “thing” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[34] ἐνταῦθα from ἐνταῦθα “here, on the one side” [Used 0x in NT; 32x in LXX]

[35] πόθον from πόθος “longing” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[36] δεσμωτηρίῳ from δεσμωτηρίον “prison” [Used 4x in NT; 6x in LXX]

[37] προλήψεως from πρόληψις “preconception, mental picture” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[38] χρίσεως from χρῖσις “anointing” [Used 0x in NT; 15x in LXX]

[39] λογισμῶν from λογισμός “thought, deliberation, reasoning, reason” [Used 2x in NT; 113x in LXX]

[40] ὀρθῶν from ὀρθός “straight, upright, erect, orthodox” [Used 2x in NT; 26x in LXX]

[41] σφοδρῶς from σφοδρῶς “greatly, exceedingly” [Used 1x in NT; 4x in LXX]

[42] τεκμήριόν from τεκμήριον “sign, proof” [Used 1x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[43] θαυμαστόν from θαυμαστός “marvelous, wonderful” [Used 6x in NT; 41x in LXX]

[44] ἀπολογίᾳ from ἀπολογία “defense” [Used 8x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[45] εἰσῄειν from εἴσειμι  “to enter, come before, recognize” [Used 4x in NT; 6x in LXX]

[46] δικαστήριον from δικαστήριον “lawcourt” [Used 0x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[47] ἀπολογησόμενος from ἀπολογέομαι “to defend oneself” [Used 10x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[48] ἐξεπέσατέ from ἐκπίπτω “to fall off” [Used 10x in NT; 15x in LXX]

[49] μνήμης from μνήμη “remembrance, memory” [Used 1x in NT; 17x in LXX]

[50] τυραννικὸν from τυραννικός “tyrannical” [Used 0x in NT; 2x in LXX]

[51] ἔρως from ἔρως “love” [Used 0x in NT; 2x in LXX]

[52] παραχωρεῖν from παραχωρέω “to concede, to deliver” [Used 0x in NT; 2x in LXX]

[53] ἀεὶ from ἀεὶ “always” [Used 7x in NT; 14x in LXX]

[54] ὀδύνην from ὀδύνη “pain, sorrow, anguish” [Used 2x in NT; 67x in LXX]

[55] συγχωρεῖν from συγχωρέω “to come together, agree, permit, forgive” [Used 0x in NT; 5x in LXX]

[56] περιγενέσθαι from περιγίνομαι “to master, be given” [Used 0x in NT; 2x in LXX]

[57] Καθάπερ from καθάπερ “as, just as, like” [Used 13x in NT; 82x in LXX]

[58] καμίνου from καμίνος “furnace” [Used 4x in NT; 44x in LXX]

[59] φλογὸς from φλόξ “flame” [Used 7x in NT; 51x in LXX]

[60] δρόσος from δρόσος “dew” [Used 0x in NT; 41x in LXX]

[61] φιλία from φιλία “friend” [Used 1x in NT; 36x in LXX]

[62] ἀρέσκοντος from ἀρέσκω “to please” [Used 17x in NT; 54x in LXX]

[63] καταλαβοῦσα from καταλαμβάνω “to put out, take, overtake, reach” [Used 15x in NT; 118x in LXX]

[64] ἀποτινάσσει from ἀποτινάσσω “to shake off” [Used 2x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[65] δεσμὰ from δεσμός “chains, bonds, imprisonment” [Used 18x in NT; 48x in LXX]

[66] πάνυ from πάνυ “altogether, entirely” [Used 0x in NT; 4x in LXX]

[67] ὑγιῶς from ὑγιῶς “soundly” [Used 0x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[68] παρῃτήσατο from παραιτέομαι “to ask, refuse” [Used 12x in NT; 7x in LXX]

[69]ἀπατεών from ἀπάτη “deceitfulness, deceit” [Used 7x in NT; 5x in LXX]

[70] ὑπομένων from ὑπομένω  “to endure, remain, wait upon” [Used 17x in NT; 82x in LXX]

[71] ἀνταποδιδόντα from ἀνταποδίδωμι “to repay, give back” [Used 7x in NT; 87x in LXX]

[72] εἵλετο from αἱρέω “to choose, grasp, seize” [Used 3x in NT; 11x in LXX]

[73] κινδύνους from κινδύνος  “danger, peril” [Used 9x in NT; 12x in LXX]

[74] ἀναδέξασθαι from ἀναδέχομαι “to receive, accept” [Used 2x in NT; 2x in LXX]

[75] κατεδέξατο from καταδέχομαι “to receive”  [Used 0x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[76] προσκροῦσαι from προσκρούω “to strike against” [Used 0x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[77] περιουσίας from περιουσία “sum” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[78] περιέτρεψεν from περιτρέπω “to overturn, drive insane” [Used 1x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[79] ἐνόμιζον from νομίζω “to think, suppose” [Used 15x in NT; 15x in LXX]

[80] κατηγορίαν from κατηγορία “accusation” [Used 3x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[81] δεσμεῖσθαι from δεσμεύω “to bind” [Used 3x in NT; 8x in LXX]

[82] ἐλαύνεσθαι from ἐλαύνω “to persecute, drive, row” [Used 5x in NT; 8x in LXX]

[83] μυρία from μυριάς “thousand” [Used 8x in NT; 44x in LXX]

[84] δεινά from δεινά “such a person, a certain person” [Used 1x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[85] Ἀρκεῖ from ἀρκέω “to be content, be enough” [Used 8x in NT; 12x in LXX]

[86] ὕβρεσιν from ὕβρις “insolence, insult, violence, injury” [Used 3x in NT; 62x in LXX]

[87] ἀρετὴν from ἀρετή “moral excellene” [Used 5x in NT; 32x in LXX]

[88] ἐπιδεικνυμένους from ἐπιδείκνυμι “to show, display, exhibit” [Used 7x in NT; 13x in LXX]

[89] κοινωνοὺς from κοινωνός “partaker, partner, companion” [Used 10x in NT; 8x in LXX]

[90] προθυμίας from προθυμία “willingness, eagerness, goodwill” [Used 5x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[91] εἰκότως from εἰκότως “having good reason, appropriate” [Used 0x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[92] στοχάζομαι from στοχάζομαι “to reckon, guess” [Used 0x in NT; 4x in LXX]

[93] πεῖραν from πεῖρα “test, attempt” [Used 2x in NT; 6x in LXX]

[94] Perfect participle from λαμβάνω

[95] μάλιστα from μάλιστα “especially, exceedingly” [Used 12x in NT; 6x in LXX]

[96] ἀφεστηκότες from ἀφεστήξω “shall be absent, away from”

[97] βιάζεσθε from βιάζω “to force, use violence” [Used 2x in NT; 6x in LXX]

[98] ἀπολειφθῆναι from ἀπολιμπάνω “to leave” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[99] κοινωνῆσαι from κοινωνέω “to share, take part” [Used 8x in NT; 13x in LXX]

[100] ἔλαττον from ἐλάσσων “worse, less” [Used 4x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[101] ἀγῶνας from ἀγών “conflict” [Used 6x in NT; 16x in LXX]

[102] ἐμβεβηκότος from ἐμβαίνω “to embark, enter” [Used 16x in NT; 4x in LXX]

[103] πόρρωθεν from πόρρωθεν “distance, from afar” [Used 2x in NT; 16x in LXX]

[104] ἀποκειμένων from ἀπόκειμαι “to store away” [Used 4x in NT; 4x in LXX]

[105] διακεῖσθαι from διάκειμαι “to be firm, solid” [Used 0x in NT; 2x in LXX]

[106] προοιμίων from προοίμιον “parable, poem, preface” [Used 0x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[107] λαμπρὰν from λαμπρός “bright, illustrious” [Used 9x in NT; 6x in LXX]

[108] σβεσθῆναι from σβέννυμι “to quench, put out” [Used 10x in NT; 21x in LXX]

[109] λῆξαι from λήγω “to stop” [Used 0x in NT; 6x in LXX]

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Youngblood’s Commentary on Jonah: Initial Impressions

Yesterday, my pre-ordered copy of Youngblood’s commentary on Jonah arrived. I couldn’t help but start reading it immediately. I’m already through the introduction, and I can honestly say that Youngblood does not disappoint. Here are some of my thoughts so far.

First, the commentary is well researched. Youngblood is aware of and interacts with the breadth of recent scholarly publications on the book.

Second, the introduction was an easy read. Commentators often write their introductions in a way that ensures readers will skip right over to chapter one verse one. Youngblood preserves the necessary details without bogging down the reader.

Third, I love content footnotes, and Youngblood delivers.

Fourth, Youngblood provides a balanced presentation of the canonical, historical, and literary concerns that surround Jonah.

  • On the canonical front, he writes “The book of Jonah focuses on two questions that preoccupied all of the prophets: (1) How do divine mercy and divine justice interact without canceling each other out? (2) How do God’s universal sovereignty and his particular covenant with Israel interact without canceling each other out” (28-29). I couldn’t agree more. Recently I struggled through this when teaching through Jonah, Nahum, and Habakkuk.
  • In explaining the sparsity of historical details, Youngblood suggests that three factors might account for this phenomenon: 1) the story was written some time after the events, 2) historical details were stripped from the story to universalize its message and applicability, and 3) the purpose of the book was not primarily to relate history but to teach (31).
  • Finally, Youngblood does not allow his commitment to the factual historicity of the events related in Jonah to overshadow the author’s literary strategy. He applies the principles of discourse analysis (attention to discourse markers, rhetoric, repetition, etc.) to understand the book.

Here are a few other highlights from the introduction:

  • The author’s strategic use of word רע “evil, disaster” with reference to Nineveh’s evil, the disaster God planned for Nineveh, and Jonah’s calamity in chapter four “may indicate that Jonah and Assyria deserved the same fate” (40).
  • The author’s use of textual gaping (a strategy of delaying crucial information till a later revelation) in explaining why Jonah fled “encourages readers to speculate regarding Jonah’s reasons for fleeing, potentially exposing to readers their own objections to divine mercy and their complicity in Jonah’s sinful disposition toward Nineveh and YHWH” (42).
  •  The object lesson God teaches Jonah with the qiqayon plant, the scorching east wind, and the worm breaks the parallel construction between chapters 1-2 and 3-4, placing a greater emphasis on the importance of the lesson God teaches Jonah in the overall understanding of the book’s message.

At the end of the introduction is a chart that maps the overall discourse structure of the book, which includes information about the number of words used in each section and density of key thematic concepts in each section. What a great resource!

Going forward, I look forward to seeing Youngblood’s arguments for beginning the first peak episode at 2:1c instead of 2:1. Trible’s proposal that the psalm from the belly of the fish is surrounded by a chiasm convinced me. Will Youngblood be able to dissuade me? We will see.

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Absence and Lexham Bible Dictionary

I wanted to make a brief apology to my readers. Last week I contracted with Logos to write some articles for the Lexham Bible Dictionary. Almost all of my time has been diverted from Latin, Greek, Jonah, and blogging in order to focus on researching and writing the articles. Two down (Naomi, Jesse, son of Obed), four to go!

I won’t be absent altogether though. I just finished reading the Introduction to Kevin Youngblood’s new commentary on Jonah. It was excellent. Expect a post on it soon.

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Translation Tuesday: Chrysostom Week 5

Remember, although I attempted to provide a footnote for all words used 20x or less in the New Testament with a gloss, I may have missed some. Also, you may not know all words used more than 20x in the New Testament. Don’t let that stop you from participating. Just visit Perseus’ word study tool here, copy and paste the word you don’t know, and get morphological information and definitions for that word.

Vocabulary

Week 5: Homily 2, Section 2

            β.   Μέγα αὐτοῖς ἐνταῦθα[1] μαρτυρεῖ, οὐχ ἁπλῶς,[2] ἀλλὰ καὶ σφόδρα μέγα, καὶ ὅπερ ἂν τις ἐμαρτύρησεν ἀποστόλοις καὶ εὐαγγελισταῖς. Οὐκ ἐπειδὴ[3] γὰρ πόλιν ἐνεχειρίσθητε[4] μίαν, φησὶν, ἐκείνης φροντίζετε[5] μόνης, ἀλλὰ πάντα πράττετε, ὥστε μερισταὶ[6] γενέσθαι τῶν ἐμῶν πόνων,[7] πανταχοῦ παρόντες καὶ συμπράττοντες,[8] καὶ συγκοινωνοῦντές[9] μου τῷ κηρύγματι· οὐχ ἕνα χρόνον, οὐδὲ δεύτερον, οὐδὲ τρίτον, ἀλλὰ πάντοτε ἐξ οὗ ἐπιστεύσατε μέχρι τοῦ νῦν,  ἀποστόλων ἀνειλήφατε[10] προθυμίαν.[11] Ὅρα πῶς οἱ μὲν ἐν Ῥώμῃ ὄντες ἀπεστρέφοντο[12] αὐτόν· ἄκουε γὰρ αὐτοῦ λέγοντος· Οἶδας τοῦτο, ὅτι ἀπεστράφησάν με πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ Ἀσίᾳ· καὶ πάλιν, Δημᾶς με ἐγκατέλιπε·[13] καὶ, Ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ μου ἀπολογίᾳ,[14] φησὶν. οὐδείς μοι συμπαρεγένετο·[15] οὗτοι δὲ καὶ ἀπόντες[16] ἐκοινώνουν[17] αὐτῷ τῶν θλίψεων, πέμποντές τε ἄνδρας πρὸς αὐτὸν, καὶ κατὰ δύναμιν ὑπηρετούμενοι,[18] καὶ οὐδὲν ὅλως ἐλλιμπάνοντες.[19] Καὶ τοῦτο ποιεῖτε, οὐ νῦν μόνον. φησὶν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀεὶ, παντὶ τρόπῳ[20] συναντιλαμβανόμενοι.[21] Ἅρα τὸ συναντιλαμβάνεσθαι κοινωνία ἐστὶ εἰς τὸ Εὐαγγέλιον. Ὅταν γὰρ ἐκεῖνος μὲν κηρύττῃ, σὺ δὲ θεραπευῃς τὸν κηρύττοντα, κοινωνεῖς αὐτῷ τῶν στεφάνων. Ἐπεὶ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔξωθεν[22] ἀγῶσιν οὐ τοῦ ἀγωνιζομένου[23] μόνου ἐστὶν ὁ στέφανος, ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ παιδοτρίβου,[24] καὶ τοῦ θεραπεύοντος, καὶ πάντων ἁπλῶς τῶν ἀσκούντων[25] τὸν ἀθλητήν.[26] Οἱ γὰρ ῥωννύντες[27] αὐτὸν καὶ ἀνακτώμενοι,[28] οὗτοι καὶ τῆς νίκῃς εἰκότω; ἂν γένοιντο μερισταί. Καὶ ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις δὲ οὐχ ὁ ἀριστεὺς[29] μόνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ πάντες οἱ θεραπεύοντες αὐτὸν εἰκότως ἂν μεταποιοῖντο[30] τῶν τροπαίων,[31] καὶ τῆς δόξης μετέχοιεν,[32] ἅτε κοινωνήσαντες αὐτῷ τοῦ ἀγῶνος[33] τῇ θεραπείᾳ. Οὐ γὰρ μικρὸν δύναται τὸ θεραπεύειν ἁγίου;, ἀλλὰ καὶ μέγα· κοινωνοὺς γὰρ ἡμᾶς ποιεῖ τῶν ἐκείνοις ἀποκειμένων[34] μισθῶν. Οἷον, ἔρριψέ[35] τις πολλὰ χρήματα διὰ τὸν θεὸν, διαπαντὸς[36] ἀνάκειται[37] τῷ θεῷ, ἀρετὴν[38] ἀσκεῖ μεγάλην, καὶ μέχρι ῥημάτων, καὶ μέχρις ἐννοιῶν,[39] καὶ μέχρι πάντων πολλὴν ἀκρίβειαν[40] φυλάττων· ἔνεστι[41] καὶ σοὶ καὶ μὴ τοσαύτην ἀκρίβειαν ἐπιδειξαμένῳ,[42] τῶν ἐπὶ τούτοις ἀποκειμένων αὐτῷ μισθῶν κοινωνῆσαι. Πῶς; Ἂν θεραπεύσῃς αὐτὸν καὶ λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ, ἂν παρακαλέσῃς καὶ διὰ τοῦ χορηγεῖν[43] τὰ ἀναγκαῖα,[44] καὶ διὰ τοῦ διακονεῖσθαι πᾶσαν διακονίαν. Ὁ γὰρ εὐκολωτέραν[45] ποιῶν τὴν τραχεῖαν[46] ὁδὸν ἐκείνῳ, σὺ ἔσῃ. Ὥστε εἰ θαυμάζετε τοὺς ἐν ταῖς ἐρήμοις, τοὺς τὸν ἀγγελικὸν[47] ἀνῃρημένους βίον, τοὺς ἐν ταῖς Ἐκκλησίαις τὰ αὐτὰ ἐκείνοις κατορθοῦντας·[48] εἰ θαυμάζετε καὶ ἀλγεῖτε,[49] ὅτι σφόδρα αὐτῶν ἀπολιμπάνεσθε,[50] ἔνεστιν ὑμῖν ἑτέρως αὐτοῖς κοινωνῆσαι, τῷ διακονεῖν, τῷ θεραπεύειν. Καὶ γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ φιλανθρωπίας[51] ἐστὶ, τὸ τοὺς ῥᾳθυμοτέρους;[52] καὶ τὸν ἀπεσκληκότα[53] βίον καὶ τραχὺν καὶ ἀκριβῆ[54] μὴ δυναμένους ἀναδέξασθαι,[55] καὶ τούτους δι᾽ ἑτέρας ὁδοῦ πάλιν εἰς τὴν αὐτὴν τούτοις τάξιν ἄγειν. Καὶ τοῦτό φησιν ὁ Παῦλος κοινωνίαν. Κοινωνοῦσιν ἡμῖν, φησὶν, ἐν τοῖς σαρκικοῖς,[56] κοινωνοῦμεν αὐτοῖς ἐν τοῖς πνευματικοῖς. Εἰ γὰρ ὁ θεὸς ἀντὶ μικρῶν καὶ μηδαμινῶν βασιλείαν χαρίζεται, καὶ οἱ δοῦλοι αὐτοῦ ἀντὶ μικρῶν καὶ αἰσθητῶν[57] πνευματικὰ μεταδιδοῦσι·[58] μᾶλλον δὲ καὶ ταῦτα κἀκεῖνα αὐτός ἐστιν ὁ διδοὺς διὰ τούτων. Οὐ δύνασαι νηστεῦσαι, οὐδὲ μονωθῆναι,[59] οὐδὲ χαμευνῆσαι,[60] οὐδὲ παννυχίσαι;[61] Ἔνεστί σοι τούτων ἀπάντων μισθὸν λαβεῖν, ἂν ἑτέρως τὸ πρᾶγμα μεθοδεύσῃς.[62] τὸν ἐν τούτοις κάμνοντα[63] θεραπεύων καὶ ἀναπαύων[64] καὶ ἀλείφων[65] συνεχῶς,[66] καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ τούτων ἐπικουφίζων[67] πόνον. Αὐτὸς ἕστηκε μαχόμενος,[68] αὐτὸς καὶ τραύματα[69] λαμβάνων· σὺ θεράπευε ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀγῶνος ἐπανιόντα,[70] δέχου ὑπτίαις[71] χερσὶν, ἀπόψυχε[72] τὸν ἱδρῶτα[73] ἀναπαύων, παραμυθοῦ,[74] ἀνακτῳ[75] τὴν πεπονηκυῖαν[76] ψυχήν. Ἃν μετὰ τοσαύτης προθυμίας[77] διακονῶμεν τοῖς ἁγίοις, μερισταὶ τῶν μισθῶν αὐτῶν ἐσόμεθα. Τοῦτο καὶ ὁ Χριστός φησι· Ποιήσατε ὑμῖν φίλους ἐκ τοῦ μαμωνᾶ[78] τῆς ἀδικίας, ἵνα δέξωνται ὑμᾶς εἰς τὰς αἰωνίους αὐτῶν σκηνάς. Ὁρᾷς πῶς οὗτοι κοινωνοὶ γεγόνασιν;[79] Ἀπὸ πρώτης ἡμέρας, φησὶ, μέχρι τοῦ νῦν. Διὰ τοῦτο χαίρω, φησίν. Ἐπὶ τῇ κοινωνίᾳ ὑμῶν. Καὶ χαίρω οὐκ ὑπὲρ τῶν παρελθόντων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων· ἀπὸ γὰρ τῶν παρελθόντων κἀκεῖνα στοχάξομαι.[80] Πεποιθὼς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, φησὶν, ὅτι ὁ ἐναρξάμενος[81] ἐν ὑμῖν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν, ἐπιτελέσει[82] ἄχρις ἡμέρας Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.


[1] ἐνταῦθα from ἐνταῦθα “here, hither, at the very time” [Used 0x in NT; 32x in LXX]

[2] ἁπλῶς from ἁπλῶς “simple, sincerely, generously” [Used 1x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[3] ἐπειδὴ from ἐπειδή “since, because, for” [Used 10x in NT; 20x in LXX]

[4] ἐνεχειρίσθητε from ἐγχειρίζω “to entrust” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[5] φροντίζετε from φροντίζω “to consider, be careful” [Used 1x in NT; 15x in LXX]

[6] μερισταὶ from μερίζω “to divide, distribute” [Used 14x in NT; 34x in LXX]

[7] πόνων from πόνος “labor, toil, pain” [Used 4x in NT; 93x in LXX]

[8] συμπράττοντες from συμπράσσω “to help, assist” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[9] συγκοινωνοῦντές from συγκοινωνέω “to take part in” [Used 3x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[10] ἀνειλήφατε from ἀναλαμβάνω “to take up, raise, undertake” [Used 13x in NT; 94x in LXX]

[11] προθυμίαν from προθυμία “willingness, eagerness, goodwill” [Used 5x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[12] ἀπεστρέφοντο from ἀποστρέφω “to turn away” [Used 9x in NT; 450x in LXX]

[13] ἐγκατέλιπε from ἐγκαταλείπω “to leave behind, desert, forsake” [Used 10x in NT; 179x in LXX]

[14] ἀπολογίᾳ from ἀπολογία “defense” [Used 8x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[15] συμπαρεγένετο from συμπαραγίνομαι “to assemble” [Used 1x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[16] ἀπόντες from ἄπειμι “to go away, depart” [Used 8x in NT; 11x in LXX]

[17] ἐκοινώνουν from κοινωνέω “to share, take part” [Used 8x in NT; 13x in LXX]

[18] ὑπηρετούμενοι from ὑπηρετέω “to serve” [Used 3x in NT; 5x in LXX]

[19] ἐλλιμπάνοντες from ἐλλείπω “to leave behind, desert, forsake” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX

[20] τρόπῳ from τρόπος “way, manner, customs, kind of life, deportment” [Used 13x in NT; 233x in LXX]

[21] συναντιλαμβανόμενοι from συναντιλαμβάνομαι “to assist, help” [Used 2x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[22] ἔξωθεν from ἔξωθεν “from outside, outside” [Used 13x in NT; 45x in LXX]

[23] ἀγωνιζομένου from ἀγνίζομαι “to strive, fight, struggle” [Used 8x in NT; 6x in LXX]

[24] παιδοτρίβου from παιδοτρίβης “physical trainer, gymnastic master” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[25] ἀσκούντων from ἀσκέω “to do one’s best at, practice; live as an ascetic” [Used 1x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[26] ἀθλητήν from ἀθλητής “athlete, prizefighter” [Used 0x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[27] ῥωννύντες from ῥώννυμι “to strengthen, possess strength” [Used 1x in NT; 10x in LXX]

[28] ἀνακτώμενοι from ἀνακταόμαι “to renew strength” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[29] ἀριστεὺς from ἀριστευς “those who excel in valor” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[30] μεταποιοῖντο from μεταποιέω “to remodel, alter, pretend” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[31] τροπαίων from τροπαίον “trophy, monument” [Used 0x in NT; 2x in LXX]

[32] μετέχοιεν from μετέχω “to partake, share” [Used 8x in NT; 10x in LXX]

[33] ἀγῶνος from ἀγών “gathering, contest” [Used 6x in NT; 16x in LXX]

[34] ἀποκειμένων from ἀπόκειμαι “to store away” [Used 4x in NT; 4x in LXX]

[35] ἔρριψέ from ῥίπτω “to throw, cast down” [Used 7x in NT; 103x in LXX]

[36] διαπαντὸς from διαπαντός “continually, forever” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[37] ἀνάκειται from ἀνάκειμαι “to sit at table, recline at table” [Used 14x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[38] ἀρετὴν from ἀρετή “moral excellence” [Used 5x in NT; 32x in LXX]

[39] ἐννοιῶν from ἔννοια “intent, conception” [Used 2x in NT; 13x in LXX]

[40] ἀκρίβειαν from ἀκρίβεια “accuracy; precise meaning” [Used 1x in NT; 4x in LXX]

[41] ἔνεστι from ἔνειμι “to be in, inside” [Used 7x in NT; 8x in LXX]

[42] ἐπιδειξαμένῳ from ἐπιδείκνυμι “to show, display, exhibit” [Used 7x in NT; 13x in LXX]

[43] χορηγεῖν from χορηγέω “to supply” [Used 2x in NT; 18x in LXX]

[44] ἀναγκαῖα from ἀναγκαῖος “necessary” [Used 8x in NT; 5x in LXX]

[45] εὐκολωτέραν from εὔκολος “easily satisfied, contended, easy” [Used 0x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[46] τραχεῖαν from τραχύς “rugged, rough, harsh, savage” [Used 2x in NT; 7x in LXX]

[47] ἀγγελικὸν from ἀγγελικός “of or for a messenger” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[48] κατορθοῦντας from καταρθόω “to set upright, erect” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[49] ἀλγεῖτε from ἀλγέω “to suffer, feel grief” [Used 0x in NT; 7x in LXX]

[50] ἀπολιμπάνεσθε from ἀπολιμπάνω “to leave over, behind” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[51] φιλανθρωπίας from φιλανθρωπία “kindness, love of mankind” [Used 2x in NT; 5x in LXX]

[52] ῥᾳθυμοτέρους from ῥᾴθυμος “indifferent, lazy, easy” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[53] ἀπεσκληκότα from ἀποσκέλλω “to be dried up, whither” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[54] ἀκριβῆ from ἀκριβῆς “strict, precise, exact” [Used 1x in NT; 8x in LXX]

[55] ἀναδέξασθαι from ἀναδέχομαι “to receive, accept” [Used 2x in NT; 2x in LXX]

[56] σαρκικοῖς from σαρκικός “fleshly, material, worldly” [Used 7x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[57] αἰσθητῶν from αἰσθητός “sensible, perceptible” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[58] μεταδιδοῦσι from μεταδίδωμι “to impart, share, distribute” [Used 5x in NT; 7x in LXX]

[59] μονωθῆναι from μονόω “to be left alone” [Used 1x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[60] χαμευνῆσαι from χαμευνέω “to lie on the ground” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[61] παννυχίσαι from παννυχίζω “to celebrate a night-festival, keep vigil” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[62] μεθοδεύσῃς from μεθοδεύω “to treat or practice by rule or method” [Used 0x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[63] κάμνοντα from κάμνω “to be sick, weary” [Used 2x in NT; 6x in LXX]

[64] ἀναπαύων from ἀναπαύω “to stop, rest, refresh, die” [Used 12x in NT; 71x in LXX]

[65] ἀλείφων from ἀλείφω “to anoint” [Used 9x in NT; 20x in LXX]

[66] συνεχῶς from συνεχῶς “constantly, continually” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[67] ἐπικουφίζων from ἐπικουφίζω “to lighten, be less/easier” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[68] μαχόμενος from μάχομαι “to quarrel, fight” [Used 4x in NT; 21x in LXX]

[69] τραύματα from τραύμα “wound” [Used 1x in NT; 17x in LXX]

[70] ἐπανιόντα from ἐπλανειμι “go back, return” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[71] ὑπτίαις from ὕπτιος “open, on one’s back, smoothly flowing” [Used 0x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[72] ἀπόψυχε from ἀποψύχω “to lose heart, faint, swoon” [Used 1x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[73] ἱδρῶτα from ἱδρώς “sweat” [Used 1x in NT; 3x in LXX]

[74] παραμυθοῦ from παραμυθέομαι “to comfort, appease” [Used 4x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[75] ἀνακτῳ from ἀνακτάομαι “to renew strength” [Used 0x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[76] πεπονηκυῖαν from πονέω “to labor” [Used 0x in NT; 19x in LXX]

[77] προθυμίας from προθυμία “willingness, eagerness, goodwill” [Used 5x in NT; 1x in LXX]

[78] μαμωνᾶ from μαμωνᾶς “mammon, money, wealth” [Used 4x in NT; 0x in LXX]

[79] γεγόνασιν from γίγνομαι”to become, be born, be created” [Used 0x in NT; 7x in LXX]

[80] στοχάξομαι from στοχάζομαι “to reckon, guess” [Used 0x in NT; 4x in LXX]

[81] ἐναρξάμενος from ἐνάρχομαι “to begin” [Used 2x in NT; 11x in LXX]

[82] ἐπιτελέσει from ἐπιτελέω “to complete, perform” [Used 10x in NT; 29x in LXX]

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